Four modifiable and other major risk factors for cot death: The New Zealand study

Mitchell, EA; Taylor, B. J.; Ford, R. P. K.; Stewart, Angela; Becroft, D. M. O.; Thompson, J. M. D.; Scragg, Robert; Hassall, Ian B.; Barry, Danika; Allen, Elizabeth S.; Roberts, Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02729.x

Cited by 264 publications

(194 citation statements)

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“…Death rates from SIDS are higher among African-American infants, 26 and with tobacco exposure, 26,27 and perhaps with bedsharing. 25 Although we identified more risk factors for SIDS in the CY group, this vulnerable group less often received instruction for the recommended sleep positions. The primary hospital serving these patients was among the last, rather than the first, to implement the AAP recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine infant sleep instructions that hospital personnel in our community were giving to parents and actual positions practiced after the April 15, 1992 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for nonprone positioning.Design. Survey of mothers of infants 4 months of age from November 1993 to March 1994 with follow-up survey of selected birth hospitals.Setting. A private practice (PP) serving predominantly white middle-and upper-income children and a pediatric clinic (CY) serving inner-city predominantly African-American low-income children in Louisville, Kentucky.Patients. Fifty infants from each practice site. Outcome Measure. The sleep instructions given and practiced, and other risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Results. Nonprone sleeping instructions were received by 72% of the PP and only 48% of the CY parents, with 72% of the PP and 54% of the CY following the nonprone recommendations. Infants were more likely to be in smoking households (60% vs 12%) from the CY practice than the PP practice.Conclusions. Our study showed that, despite having a higher prevalence of SIDS risk factors, there was a greater delay in discontinuing prone positioning instructions in the hospital serving the CY infants. The evidence suggests that this population is as likely as the PP group to follow medical advice given. Pediatrics 1997;99(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/e12; infant sleep position, SIDS, sleep instruction.ABBREVIATIONS. SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; CY, Children and Youth Project; PP, private practice.The sleep position of infants was most often viewed in the past as a trivial aspect of infant care. It has recently received serious attention because of the reported association of the prone sleeping position with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In the United States in the early 1990s, the prone position was most commonly used when placing an infant down for sleep. 1 However, as early as 1985, 2 the prone position has been challenged as "unsafe." In subsequent foreign studies, sleep position was implicated as a risk factor for SIDS. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Publicity that discouraged the prone sleeping position in Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Great Britain was associated with a decrease in the incidence of SIDS ranging from 20% to Ͼ50%. 4,9 -16 The evidence of these reports was so persuasive that in 1992 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended the use of either the supine or the lateral position for placing healthy infants down to sleep. 1 Two years after such a recommendation, the AAP Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS noted that "although pediatricians have heard the recommendations, many children's physicians and allied health care workers are not actively recommending nonprone sleeping for their patients." 17 In addition to the prone position, several studies have reported the association of SIDS with infant hyperthermia, 18 -23 swaddling, 23 and suffocation....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

et al. 1997

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“…51 Several epidemiologic studies have found that breastfeeding reduces the risk for SIDS. [52][53][54][55] By facilitating breastfeeding, bed sharing might confer some degree of risk reduction. Also, prone sleeping is now widely accepted as a risk factor for SIDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Arousals During Mother-Infant Bed Sharing: Implications for Infant Sleep and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research

1997

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Routinely bed sharing infants also exhibited more frequent TAs in stage 3-4 than the routine solitary sleepers in both conditions. In both groups, the number of infant arousals (EWs ؉ TAs) that overlapped the mother's was doubled during bed sharing, with infant arousals leading most often.Conclusions. Mother-infant bed sharing promotes infant arousals. Together with a previous report that bed sharing reduces stage 3-4 sleep, this suggests that normative values for infant sleep must be interpreted within the context of the sleeping environment in which they were established. Given that arousability is diminished in stage 3-4, we speculate that, under otherwise safe conditions, the observed changes in stage 3-4 sleep and arousals associated with bed sharing might be protective to infants at risk for SIDS because of a hypothesized arousal deficit. The responsivity of the mother to infant arousals during bed sharing might also be protective. Pediatrics 1997;100:841-849; bed sharing, cosleeping, solitary sleeping, infant arousals, SIDS, infant sleep.

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“…There is a large literature on the benefits to the child and the mother of breastfeeding, 11 but almost all contemporary US data concern morbidity or are of a specific cause of death, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). [12][13][14] The only US study of all-cause mortality and feeding method since the introduction of modern infant formulas in the late 1950s is an analysis of the 1988 and 1995 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth 15 ; Forste et al reported that breastfed children had substantially lower risk of dying between 1 month and 1 year, but they did not attempt control of confounding beyond race and birth weight. In Great Britain in the 1970s, Carpenter et al 16 found that the infants of mothers who declared an intention to breastfeed had lower mortality from "preventable" causes, largely infectious diseases, trauma, and SIDS, out to 2 years of age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Postneonatal Death in the United States

2004

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Breastfed infants in the United States have lower rates of morbidity, especially from infectious disease, but there are few contemporary studies in the developed world of the effect of breastfeeding on postneonatal mortality. We evaluated the effect of breastfeeding on postneonatal mortality in United States using 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) data.Methods. Nationally representative samples of 1204 infants who died between 28 days and 1 year from causes other than congenital anomaly or malignant tumor (cases of postneonatal death) and 7740 children who were still alive at 1 year (controls) were included. We calculated overall and cause-specific odds ratios for ever/never breastfeeding among all children, conducted race and birth weight-specific analyses, and looked for durationresponse effects.Results Conclusions. Breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in risk for postneonatal death. This large data set allowed robust estimates and control of confounding, but the effects of breast milk and breastfeeding cannot be separated completely from other characteristics of the mother and child. Assuming causality, however, promoting breastfeeding has the potential to save or delay ϳ720 postneonatal deaths in the United States each year. Pediatrics 2004;113:e435-e439. URL: http://www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/113/5/e435; breastfeeding, infant mortality, cause of death, risk, logistic models.

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Four modifiable and other major risk factors for cot death: The New Zealand study

Cited by 264 publications

References 10 publications

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

Infant Sleep Position Instruction and Parental Practice: Comparison of a Private Pediatric Office and an Inner-city Clinic

Infant Arousals During Mother-Infant Bed Sharing: Implications for Infant Sleep and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Postneonatal Death in the United States

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