Four Indicators of Humanhood: The Enquiry Matures

Fletcher, Joseph

doi:10.2307/3560587

Cited by 59 publications

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“…Therefore, this premise would lead to admitting that a human being with intellectual and developmental disability that manifests significant cognitive deficits should not be considered a person. This is the position of Fletcher 26 The objection would then be formulated: human beings with intellectual disabilities who lose or have never manifested qualities linked to the use of rationality (self-consciousness, self-control or relational capacity) would not have that which identifies us as human persons. This is a consequence of the definition of the concept of "person" used by Fletcher 26 , MacMahan 31 and Singer 32 .…”

Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the position of Fletcher 26 The objection would then be formulated: human beings with intellectual disabilities who lose or have never manifested qualities linked to the use of rationality (self-consciousness, self-control or relational capacity) would not have that which identifies us as human persons. This is a consequence of the definition of the concept of "person" used by Fletcher 26 , MacMahan 31 and Singer 32 . That is, only as an entity that is self-conscious, rational, capable of moral activity and endowed with autonomy [27][28][29][30]33 .…”

Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, for Fletcher 26 true humanity is manifested through fifteen indicators, among them: self-consciousness, self-control or relational capacity, to name a few. In attempting to define the person in philosophical terms, the discussion has depended to a large extent on the psychological functions associated with the human capacity to reason [27][28][29][30] .…”

Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana

Canto

2018

Rev. Bioét.

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A theoretical study in which disability is evidenced as a heuristic device to investigate the human condition. The relationship between disability and human condition has been little explored. The first section analyzes how vulnerability and dependence belong to the human condition and affect disability by conditioning the loss of qualities. Subsequently, the peculiar modality of possession of our qualities is analyzed. The third part argues that even though a human being with intellectual disability may not manifest rationality this does not suppose an exclusion of the status of person. Finally, it is explained how, although qualities can be lost with the disability, it is not possible to lose the embodiment and belonging to the human family. The heuristic approach was used with the formulation of questions based on three hypothetical cases. Disability is a manifestation of the human condition. It has heuristic value because it helps to examine constitutive aspects of our existence. Keywords: Intellectual disability. Heuristics. Mentally disabled persons. Vulnerability personal. Dependency (psychology). ResumoDeficiência: uma heurística para a condição humana Estudo teórico em que a deficiência é evidenciada como dispositivo heurístico para sondar a condição humana. A relação entre deficiência e condição humana tem sido pouco explorada. A primeira seção analisa como vulnerabilidade e dependência pertencem à condição humana e afetam a deficiência, condicionando a perda de qualidades. Posteriormente, a ideia de posse de nossas qualidades é analisada. Na terceira parte se argumenta que, embora um ser humano com deficiência intelectual não possa manifestar racionalidade, isso não supõe a exclusão do status pessoal. Por último, se explica como, apesar de ser possível perderem-se qualidades na deficiência, não é possível perder a corporeidade e o pertencimento à família humana. A abordagem heurística foi utilizada com a formulação de questões com base em três casos hipotéticos. A deficiência é uma manifestação da condição humana e tem valor heurístico porque ajuda a examinar aspectos constitutivos de nossa existência. Palavras-chave: Deficiência intelectual. Heurística. Pessoas com deficiência mental. Vulnerabilidade pessoal. Dependência (psicologia). ResumenDiscapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana Estudio de naturaleza teórica donde se evidencia la discapacidad como dispositivo heurístico para indagar la condición humana. La relación entre discapacidad y condición humana ha sido poco explorada. En la primera sección se analiza cómo vulnerabilidad y dependencia pertenecen a la condición humana e inciden en la discapacidad condicionando la pérdida de cualidades. Posteriormente se analiza la modalidad peculiar de posesión de las mismas. En la tercera parte se argumenta cómo a pesar de que con la discapacidad intelectual puede no manifestarse la racionalidad esto no supone una exclusión de la condición personal. Por último, se explica cómo no obstante con la discapacidad se puedan perder cualidades,...

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Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disability: Loss or Non-manifestation Of Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Discapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana

Canto

2018

Rev. Bioét.

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“…The assertion that we can define personhood by one or more characteristics or capabilities is commonplace. Fletcher, for example, would have us standardize personhood, and therefore dignity, by means of an IQ test (Fletcher 1972(Fletcher , 2012. Tooley, in his disturbing article "Abortion and Infanticide," argues that the necessary criterion for personhood, protection of rights, and dignity is self-consciousness (1972).…”

Section: Dignity As Capability-dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dignity Reevaluated: A Theological Examination of Human Dignity and the Role of the Church in Bioethics and End-of-Life Care

Genuis

2016

Linacre Q

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Predominant among the terminological ambiguities that plague contemporary bioethics is confusion attending the meaning of the term “human dignity,” particularly as it applies to so-called end-of-life discussions. This study surveys current trends in treatment of the concept of dignity, examining relevant thinkers who see dignity as redundant or as capability-dependent. These inadequate views are contrasted with an attitude, based theologically in Mark 5, that understands human dignity to represent an absolute characteristic that is donated graciously to all bearers of imago Dei. Human dignity must thus be affirmed as inviolable and independent of autonomy, rationality, or capability. A specific task of the Christian Church is to faithfully recognize and proclaim this dignity. This investigation is particularly relevant in the face of contemporary discussions regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted death. Lay Summary: Much of the polarization within the contemporary bioethical discussion proceeds out of confusion regarding how we ought to define the terms of the debate. If we may take the existing debates regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted death as an example, we may understand the vital need for a sensible definition of the term that stands at the heart of the arguments of both sides of the debate: “human dignity.” As such, this study seeks to define dignity in a logical, theological, deeply personal, and highly practical fashion, and to outline the critical role of the Church within such an understanding. Sometimes, when I walk into the room, he ignores me. Sometimes he thinks I am someone else. Most often he is asleep, subjugated by drugs designed to prevent agitation, although “agitation” is the sterilized hospital word for what I would call unbridled panic, total disorientation. The night he had the stroke, they had to tie him to the bed just to keep him in the hospital. And they wouldn't let me see him because he had been calling my name. Very dramatic, but most of his suffering, and our grief, is not dramatic. It is just the mundane process of one man slowly fading, becoming, every day, more of a stranger to himself and to those he loves.

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“…Extrinsic value is not a per se condition of life and some are said to lack it. 9 From the totalitarian view that the individual exists for the society one can conclude that experiments can be performed on a member of this generation in order to benefit the members of future generations. An experiment performed on a pregnant woman scheduled for abortion may help a "wanted" child to have a better chance of survival.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections on the 50th Anniversary of the Nuremberg Doctor's Trials

Diamond¹

1997

Linacre Q

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Four Indicators of Humanhood: The Enquiry Matures

Cited by 59 publications

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Discapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana

Discapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana

Dignity Reevaluated: A Theological Examination of Human Dignity and the Role of the Church in Bioethics and End-of-Life Care

Reflections on the 50th Anniversary of the Nuremberg Doctor's Trials

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