Four-dimensional superstrings

Antoniadis, Ignatios; Bachas, K.; Kounnas, Costas

doi:10.1016/0550-3213(87)90372-5

Cited by 701 publications

(741 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The greatest common divisor of the number of families for a given Gepner combination will be called the "family quantum" ∆. The following values for ∆ were found (each exceptional modular invariant is treated as a separate category): 120, 96, 72, 60,48,40,36,32,24,12,8,6,4, 0 plus the value 3, which only occurred for the tensor product (1, 16 * , 16 * , 16 * ), where the * denotes the use of an exceptional SU (2) invariant.…”

Section: The Number Of Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here the c = 9 internal sector is build out of combinations of N c complex and N r real fermions ((N c , N r ) can be (9,0), (7,4), (5,8) and (3,12)) with world-sheet supersymmetry realized through the so-called "triplet constraint" [58,59,60]. The symmetric (2, 2) combinations of these models were considered in [61] as a starting point for orientifold constructions.…”

Section: Cft Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric Gepner models (revisited)

Gato-Rivera

Schellekens

2010

Nuclear Physics B

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We reconsider a class of heterotic string theories studied in 1989, based on tensor products of N = 2 minimal models with asymmetric simple current invariants. We extend this analysis from (2, 2) and (1, 2) spectra to (0, 2) spectra with SO(10) broken to the Standard Model. In the latter case the spectrum must contain fractionally charged particles. We find that in nearly all cases at least some of them are massless. However, we identify a large subclass where the fractional charges are at worst half-integer, and often vector-like. The number of families is very often reduced in comparison to the 1989 results, but there are no new tensor combinations yielding three families. All tensor combinations turn out to fall into two classes: those where the number of families is always divisible by three, and those where it is never divisible by three. We find an empirical rule to determine the class, which appears to extend beyond minimal N = 2 tensor products. We observe that distributions of physical quantities such as the number of families, singlets and mirrors have an interesting tendency towards smaller values as the gauge groups approaches the Standard Model. We compare our results with an analogous class of free fermionic models. This displays similar features, but with less resolution. Finally we present a complete scan of the three family models based on the triply-exceptional combination (1, 16 * , 16 * , 16 * ) identified originally by Gepner. We find 1220 distinct three family spectra in this case, forming 610 mirror pairs. About half of them have the gauge group SU (3) × SU (2) L × SU (2) R × U (1) 5 , the theoretical minimum, and many others are trinification models.

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Section: The Number Of Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cft Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Gepner models (revisited)

Gato-Rivera

Schellekens

2010

Nuclear Physics B

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“…In the free fermionic formulation the 4-dimensional heterotic string, in the lightcone gauge, is described by 20 left-moving and 44 right-moving two dimensional real fermions [1,2]. A large number of models can be constructed by choosing different phases picked up by fermions (f A , A = 1, .…”

Section: N = Model Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, n and a set of 2 N (N −1)/2 independent projections coefficients c v i v j , i > j. The two dimensional free fermions in the light-cone gauge (in the usual notation [1,2,3]) are: ψ µ , χ i , y i , ω i , i = 1, . .…”

Section: N = Model Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinor-vector duality in heterotic string vacua

2008

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Classification of the N = 1 space-time supersymmetric fermionic Z 2 × Z 2 heterotic-string vacua with symmetric internal shifts, revealed a novel spinorvector duality symmetry over the entire space of vacua, where the S t ↔ V duality interchanges the spinor plus anti-spinor representations with vector representations. In this paper we demonstrate that the spinor-vector duality exists also in fermionic Z 2 heterotic string models, which preserve N = 2 space-time supersymmetry. In this case the interchange is between spinorial and vectorial representations of the unbroken SO(12) GUT symmetry. We provide a general algebraic proof for the existence of the S t ↔ V duality map. We present a novel basis to generate the free fermionic models in which the ten dimensional gauge degrees of freedom are grouped into four groups of four, each generating an SO(8) modular block. In the new basis the GUT symmetries are produced by generators arising from the trivial and non-trivial sectors, and due to the triality property of the SO(8) representations. Thus, while in the new basis the appearance of GUT symmetries is more cumbersome, it may be more instrumental in revealing the duality symmetries that underly the string vacua.

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N = 2 String-String Duality and Holomorphic Couplings

Curio

1998

Fortschr. Phys.

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We review aspects of N = 2 duality between the heterotic and the type IIA string. After a description of string duality intended for the non‐specialist the computation of the heterotic prepotential and the F1 function for the ST, STU and STUV model (V a Wilson line) and the matching with the Calabi‐Yau instanton expansions are given in detail. Relations with BPS spectral sums in various connections are pointed out.

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Four-dimensional superstrings

Cited by 701 publications

References 20 publications

Asymmetric Gepner models (revisited)

Asymmetric Gepner models (revisited)

Spinor-vector duality in heterotic string vacua

N = 2 String-String Duality and Holomorphic Couplings

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