Four‐dimensional functional cortical maps of visual and auditory language: Intracranial recording

Nakai, Yasuo; Sugiura, Ayaka; Brown, Erik C.; Sonoda, Masaki; Jeong, Jeong‐Won; Robert, Richard; Luat, Aimee F.; Sood, Sandeep; Asano, Eishi

doi:10.1111/epi.14648

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The significance of left posterior lateral and medial temporal lobe regions for semantic processing is well documented [ 18 , 19 ]. In line with previous findings [ 20 ], picture naming elicited activations preferentially in posterobasal temporal and temporooccipital regions associated with visual object processing, including the posterior fusiform gyrus. Auditory naming activated more lateral cortical areas including the inferior and middle temporal gyri, and more extensively involved inferior frontal and premotor regions compared to picture naming.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics

et al. 2020

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Objective To investigate alterations of language networks and their relation to impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using functional MRI. Methods Seventy-two adult TLE patients (41 left) and 36 controls were studied with overt auditory and picture naming fMRI tasks to assess temporal lobe language areas, and a covert verbal fluency task to probe frontal lobe language regions. Correlation of fMRI activation with clinical naming scores, and alteration of language network patterns in relation to epilepsy duration, age at onset and seizure frequency, were investigated with whole-brain multiple regression analyses. Results Auditory and picture naming fMRI activated the left posterior temporal lobe, and stronger activation correlated with better clinical naming scores. Verbal fluency MRI mainly activated frontal lobe regions. In left and right TLE, a later age of epilepsy onset related to stronger temporal lobe activations, while earlier age of onset was associated with impaired deactivation of extratemporal regions. In left TLE patients, longer disease duration and higher seizure frequency were associated with reduced deactivation. Frontal lobe language networks were unaffected by disease characteristics. Conclusions While frontal lobe language regions appear spared, temporal lobe language areas are susceptible to dysfunction and reorganisation, particularly in left TLE. Early onset and long duration of epilepsy, and high seizure frequency, were associated with compromised activation and deactivation patterns of task-associated regions, which might account for impaired naming performance in individuals with TLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10116-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics

et al. 2020

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“…Intracranial studies have been used to map the auditory and visual language networks at the whole-brain level (e.g., Nakai et al, 2017 ). Particularly, the auditory naming task was suggested to recruit the left frontal region more extensively than picture naming ( Nakai et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodological Aspects Of Electrical Cortical Stimulation Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Mapping Using Stereo Electroencephalography: A Review and Expert Opinion

Aron

Jonas

Colnat-Coulbois

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) is a method that uses stereotactically implanted depth electrodes for extra-operative mapping of epileptogenic and functional networks. sEEG derived functional mapping is achieved using electrical cortical stimulations (ECS) that are currently the gold standard for delineating eloquent cortex. As this stands true especially for primary cortices (e.g., visual, sensitive, motor, etc.), ECS applied to higher order brain areas determine more subtle behavioral responses. While anterior and posterior language areas in the dorsal language stream seem to share characteristics with primary cortices, basal temporal language area (BTLA) in the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) behaves as a highly associative cortex. After a short introduction and considerations about methodological aspects of ECS using sEEG, we review the sEEG language mapping literature in this perspective. We first establish the validity of this technique to map indispensable language cortices in the dorsal language stream. Second, we highlight the contrast between the growing empirical ECS experience and the lack of understanding regarding the fundamental mechanisms underlying ECS behavioral effects, especially concerning the dispensable language cortex in the VTC. Evidences for considering network architecture as determinant for ECS behavioral response complexities are discussed. Further, we address the importance of designing new research in network organization of language as this could enhance ECS ability to map interindividual variability, pathology driven reorganization, and ultimately identify network resilience markers in order to better predict post-operative language deficit. Finally, based on a whole body of available studies, we believe there is strong evidence to consider sEEG as a valid, safe and reliable method for defining eloquent language cortices although there have been no proper comparisons between surgical resections with or without extra-operative or intra-operative language mapping.

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“…The sentence production task requires extensive analysis of the visual scene involving multiple domains and a long duration of utterance response. Collective evidence indicates that semantic, lexical, and phonological processes are exerted by large-scale networks in the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe association cortex with left-hemispheric dominance 33 , 44 , 45 . Linking each part of the description into a single sentence also requires substantial verbal working memory activation, which may further involve the association cortex of either hemisphere 46 – 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linking each part of the description into a single sentence also requires substantial verbal working memory activation, which may further involve the association cortex of either hemisphere [46][47][48] . In contrast, overt production of non-filler phrases was previously reported to maximize the degree of neural activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex following the subsidence of neural activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus 32,44 . One cannot rule out the possibility that our patients spontaneously used fillers as a method to communicate their intention 49,50 .…”

Section: Statistical Analysis To Determine the Effect Of Filler Uttermentioning

confidence: 94%

Neural dynamics during the vocalization of ‘uh’ or ‘um’

Sugiura

Alqatan

Nakai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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People occasionally use filler phrases or pauses, such as "uh", "um", or "y'know," that interrupt the flow of a sentence and fill silent moments between ordinary (non-filler) phrases. It remains unknown which brain networks are engaged during the utterance of fillers. We addressed this question by quantifying event-related cortical high gamma activity at 70-110 Hz. During extraoperative electrocorticography recordings performed as part of the presurgical evaluation, patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy were instructed to overtly explain, in a sentence, 'what is in the image (subject)', 'doing what (verb)', 'where (location)', and 'when (time)'. Time-frequency analysis revealed that the utterance of fillers, compared to that of ordinary words, was associated with a greater magnitude of high gamma augmentation in association and visual cortex of either hemisphere. Our preliminary results raise the hypothesis that filler utterance would often occur when large-scale networks across the association and visual cortex are engaged in cognitive processing, including lexical retrieval as well as verbal working memory and visual scene scanning. Regardless of age, gender, or native language, healthy individuals use filler phrases, also known as filled pauses, during spontaneous speech 1. Frequent utterance of fillers is tightly associated with increased effort to recall or search for a relevant word 2 , increased anxiety 3 , and divided attention 4. Disfluent non-native speakers compared to native ones as well as dysphasic patients compared to non-dysphasic ones more frequently utter fillers during verbal communication 5,6. Practice and preparation are effective methods to reduce the rate of filler utterance during interviews or presentations because the word recall process becomes more automatic and less effortful 7. What happens in the cerebral cortex when one utters a filler? Only a small number of studies have attempted to determine the neural correlates of filler utterances. Effective study design is a consistent challenge in the field due to the unpredictable timing of naturally occurring filler phrases or pauses. In a study of six healthy adults using functional MRI (fMRI) 8 , participants were instructed to speak whatever came to mind when viewing Rorschach inkblot plates. The authors reported that trials accompanied by overt filler pauses, compared to those accompanied by complete silent pauses, was associated with increased hemodynamic activation in the left superior temporal gyrus. Another fMRI study characterized the spatial pattern of hemodynamic activation when participants listened to other's speeches including fillers to determine the neural correlates of listening and not utterance of fillers 9. Measurement of event-related high gamma activity on electrocorticography (ECoG), a presurgical evaluation method for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy 10 , provides a unique opportunity to quantify the rapid dynamics of human perception and cognition without increasing the risk of surgical complications 11...

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Four‐dimensional functional cortical maps of visual and auditory language: Intracranial recording

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics

Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics

Language Mapping Using Stereo Electroencephalography: A Review and Expert Opinion

Neural dynamics during the vocalization of ‘uh’ or ‘um’

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