Four climate cycles in Vostok ice core

Petit, Jean‐Robert; Basile, Isabelle; Leruyuet, A.; Raynaud, Dominique; Lorius, C.; Jouzel, Jean; Stiévenard, M.; Lipenkov, V. Ya.; Barkov, N. I.; Kudryashov, B.B.; Davis, M. E.; Saltzman, E. S.; Kotlyakov, V. M.

doi:10.1038/387359a0

Cited by 86 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the signal from marine isotope stage (MIS) 5E is seen very clearly at around 1570-1730 m depth. The shape of this signal is very similar to that seen in the same period in the ECM record from the Vostok core [Petit et al, 1997], and the depth is close to that predicted from the glaciological age model used to date the upper sections of the ice.…”

Section: 122001supporting

confidence: 59%

Extending the ice core record beyond half a million years

2002

EoS Transactions

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Ice cores have been a crucial source of information about past changes in the climate and atmosphere. The Vostok ice core from Antarctica has provided key global change data sets extending 400,000 years in the past [Petit et al., 1999], while Japanese scientists drilling at Dome Fuji have obtained records extending to 330,000 years. Now, a new core being drilled by a consortium of European laboratories has surpassed these ages, and looks like extending the ice core record several hundred thousand years into the past. Ice cores are unique: of all the paleo‐records, they have the most direct linkage with the atmosphere. At some sites, the time resolution is sufficient to study extremely fast climate changes; and they have information about many forcing factors for climate (including greenhouse gas concentrations) displayed in the same cores as the resulting climate changes.

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Section: 122001supporting

confidence: 59%

Extending the ice core record beyond half a million years

2002

EoS Transactions

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“…2-7 Temperature data over 400 000 years from Vostok near the south pole Isotope concentrations in ice cores measured at Vostok near the south pole provide proxies for the earth temperature time series over the last 400 000 years, with more than 2600 data points [53]. A large research effort is focused at improving the reliability of this proxy and analyzing it to detect trends and oscillatory components that might be useful for climate modelling and for the assessment of present temperature warming trends [54].…”

Section: -6 Earthquake Size and Fault Displacement Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 14b qualifies essentially an exponential distribution since the nth largest displacement raised to a power close to 1 is linear in the logarithm (decimal) of the nth rank. The characteristic displacement is essentially given by the coefficient a of the fit equal to about 400/ln(10) ≈ 180 meters.2-7 Temperature data over 400 000 years from Vostok near the south pole Isotope concentrations in ice cores measured at Vostok near the south pole provide proxies for the earth temperature time series over the last 400 000 years, with more than 2600 data points [53]. A large research effort is focused at improving the reliability of this proxy and analyzing it to detect trends and oscillatory components that might be useful for climate modelling and for the assessment of present temperature warming trends [54].…”

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confidence: 99%

Stretched exponential distributions in nature and economy: “fat tails” with characteristic scales

Laherrere¹,

1998

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To account quantitatively for many reported « natural » fat tail distributions in Nature and Economy, we propose the stretched exponential family as a complement to the often used power law distributions. It has many advantages, among which to be economical with only two adjustable parameters with clear physical interpretation. Furthermore, it derives from a simple and generic mechanism in terms of multiplicative processes. We show that stretched exponentials describe very well the distributions of radio and light emissions from galaxies, of US GOM OCS oilfield reserve sizes, of World, US and French agglomeration sizes, of country population sizes, of daily Forex US-Mark and Franc-Mark price variations, of Vostok temperature variations, of the Raup-Sepkoski's kill curve and of citations of the most cited physicists in the world. We also briefly discuss its potential for the distribution of earthquake sizes and fault displacements and earth temperature variations over the last 400 000 years. We suggest physical interpretations of the parameters and provide a short toolkit of the statistical properties of the stretched exponentials. We also provide a comparison with other distributions, such as the shifted linear fractal, the log-normal and the recently introduced parabolic fractal distributions. 1-IntroductionFrequency or probability distribution functions (pdf) that decay as a power law of their argument P(x) dx = P 0 x -(1+µ) dx (1) have acquired a special status in the last decade. They are sometimes called ``fractal'' (even if this term is more appropriate for the description of self-similar geometrical objects rather than statistical distributions). A power law distribution characterizes the absence of a characteristic size : independently of the value of x, the number of realizations larger dans λx is λ -µ times the number of realizations larger than x. In contrast, an exponential for instance or any other functional dependence does not enjoy this self-similarity, as the existence of a characteristic scale destroys this continuous scale invariance property [1]. In words, a power law pdf is such that there is the same proportion of smaller and larger events, whatever the size one is looking at within the power law range.The asymptotic existence of power laws is a well-established fact in statistical physics and critical phenomena with exact solutions available for the 2D Ising model, for selfavoiding walks, for lattice animals, etc.[2], with an abondance of numerical evidence for instance for the distribution of percolation clusters at criticality [3] and for many other models in statistical physics. There is in addition the observation from numerical simulations that simple ``sandpile'' models of spatio-temporal dynamics with strong non-linear behavior [4] give power law distributions of avalanche sizes. Furthermore, precise experiments on critical phenomena confirm the asymptotic existence of power laws, for instance on superfluid helium at the lambda point and on binary mixtures [5]. These are th...

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“…The ice cores drilled at Vostok Station (78øS, 106øE) in Antarctica have provided an invaluable continuous record of paleoclimate extending over four glacial-interglacial cycles [Lorius et al, 1985;Jouzel et al, 1993Jouzel et al, , 1996Petit et al, 1997Petit et al, , 1999. Paleoclimatic conditions recorded therein include not only paleotemperatures, established using stable hydrogen isotope ratios [Jouzel et al, 1987], but also atmospheric composition, including gases and aerosols [Barnola et al, 1987 [Blunier et al, 1998] via shared signatory phenomena, as well as some combination of the above [Jouzel et al, , 1996Petit et al, 1997Petit et al, , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paleoclimatic conditions recorded therein include not only paleotemperatures, established using stable hydrogen isotope ratios [Jouzel et al, 1987], but also atmospheric composition, including gases and aerosols [Barnola et al, 1987 [Blunier et al, 1998] via shared signatory phenomena, as well as some combination of the above [Jouzel et al, , 1996Petit et al, 1997Petit et al, , 1999. Despite the care put into each construction, the differences between chronologies can be significant even in critical portions of the record, thereby permitting alternative interpretations about the causation of specific paleoclimatic events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the Vostok ice core record by importing the Devils Hole chronology

Landwehr¹,

Winograd²

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The development of an accurate chronology for the Vostok record continues to be an open research question because these invaluable ice cores cannot be dated directly. Depth-to-age relationships have been developed using many different approaches, but published age estimates are inconsistent, even for major paleoclimatic events. We have developed a chronology for the Vostok deuterium paleotemperature record using a simple and objective algorithm to transfer aj•es of major paleoclimatic events from the radiometrically dated 500,000-year 3løO-paleotemperature record from Devils Hole, Nevada. The method is based only on a strong inference that major shifts in paleotemperature recorded at both locations occurred synchronously, consistent with an atmospheric teleconnection. The derived depth-to-age relationship conforms with the physics of ice compaction, and internally produces ages for climatic events 5.4 and 11.24 which are consistent with the externally assigned ages that the Vostok team needed to assume in order to derive their most recent chronology, GT4. Indeed, the resulting V-DH chronology is highly correlated with GT4 because of the unexpected correspondence even in the timing of second-order climatic events that were not constrained by the algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm developed herein is not specific to this problem; rather, the procedure can be used whenever two paleoclimate records are proxies for the same physical phenomenon, and paleoclimatic conditions forcing the two records can be considered to have occurred contemporaneously. The ability of the algorithm to date the East Antarctic Dome Fuji core is also demonstrated. Despite the care put into each construction, the differences between chronologies can be significant even in critical portions of the record, thereby permitting alternative interpretations about the causation of specific paleoclimatic events. Timing of Paleoclimatic EventsA precise and consistent vocabulary is necessary to discuss and compare the timing of specific paleoclimatic events. Emiliani [1955] defined the concept of marine isotopic stages to be geologic time periods exhibiting distinct paleotemperature ranges as deduced from marine core oxygen isotope time series. He identified a stage boundary to be the midpoint between the maxima and the minima of successive stages. Beginning with the number 1 for the current interglacial period, he assigned increasing integer labels to each successive period, with odd numbers denoting a warm stage and even numbers a cold stage.Broecker

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Four climate cycles in Vostok ice core

Cited by 86 publications

References 6 publications

Extending the ice core record beyond half a million years

Extending the ice core record beyond half a million years

Stretched exponential distributions in nature and economy: “fat tails” with characteristic scales

Dating the Vostok ice core record by importing the Devils Hole chronology

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