Four Classes of Salicylate-Induced Tobacco Genes

Horváth, Diána; Huang, Dorothy Jane; Chua, Nam‐Hai

doi:10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.9.895

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…3a). This behavior was previously reported by us and others in early SAIGs of Arabidopsis and tobacco (Qin et al 1994;Horvath et al 1998;Uquillas et al 2004). As judged by information from public microarray database, it seems to be a common response of a large number of early SAIGs (see response to CHX in Fig.…”

Section: Sa-mediated Activation Of Selected Saigssupporting

confidence: 84%

Early genomic responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Salicylic acid (SA) is a stress-induced hormone involved in the activation of defense genes. Here we analyzed the early genetic responses to SA of wild type and npr1-1 mutant Arabidopsis seedlings, using Complete Arabidopsis Transcriptome MicroArray (CATMAv2) chip. We identified 217 genes rapidly induced by SA (early SAIGs); 193 by a NPR1-dependent and 24 by a NPR1-independent pathway. These two groups of genes also differed in their functional classification, expression profiles and over-representation of cis-elements, supporting differential pathways for their activation. Examination of the expression patterns for selected early SAIGs from both groups indicated that their activation by SA required TGA2/5/6 subclass of transcription factors. These genes were also activated by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrRpm1, suggesting that they might play a role in defense against bacteria. This study gives a global idea of the early response to SA in Arabidopsis seedlings, expanding our knowledge about SA function in plant defense.

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Section: Sa-mediated Activation Of Selected Saigssupporting

confidence: 84%

Early genomic responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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“…To examine whether de novo protein synthesis is involved in ethylene-induced Pti4 function, we blocked protein synthesis by pretreatment of tomato plants with 5 g/mL cycloheximide for 30 min before applying ethylene. Cycloheximide commonly is observed to induce transcription factor genes (Suzuki et al, 1998; Yang and Klessig, 1996;Horvath et al, 1998), and as shown in Figure 2C, it increased Pti4 expression with timing and transcript levels similar to those induced by ethylene. Treatment with a combination of ethylene and cycloheximide further increased the abundance of Pti4 transcripts, possibly as a result of the additive effect of ethylene and cycloheximide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Several transcription factor genes, including tobacco EREBP-1, are immediate-early SA-responsive genes, being activated within 10 min of SA treatment (Horvath et al, 1998). We examined possible effects of SA on Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 transcript abundance and found, as shown in Figure 3A, that Pti4 transcripts accumulated as early as 30 min after treatment, whereas Pti5 and Pti6 transcript levels were not responsive to SA.…”

Section: Effect Of Cycloheximide On Ethylene Regulation Of the Pti4 Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Pti4 Is Induced by Ethylene and Salicylic Acid, and Its Product Is Phosphorylated by the Pto Kinase

et al. 2000

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The tomato Pti4 gene encodes a transcription factor that was identified on the basis of its specific interaction with the product of the Pto disease resistance gene in a yeast two-hybrid system. We show here that the Pti4 protein specifically binds the GCC-box cis element, which is present in the promoter region of many pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes. Expression of the Pti4 gene in tomato leaves was rapidly induced by ethylene and by infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, and this induction preceded expression of GCC-box-containing PR genes. Although salicylic acid also induced Pti4 gene expression, it did not induce GCC-box PR genes. Rather, salicylic acid antagonized ethylene-mediated expression of GCC-box PR genes. We demonstrate that the Pti4 protein is specifically phosphorylated by the Pto kinase and that this phosphorylation enhances binding of Pti4 to the GCC box. In addition, induced overexpression of Pto and Pti4 in tomato leaves resulted in a concomitant increase in GCC-box PR genes. Our results support a model in which phosphorylation of the Pti4 protein by the Pto kinase enhances the ability of Pti4 to activate expression of GCCbox PR genes in tomato. INTRODUCTIONA well-characterized plant defense response associated with pathogen attack is the expression of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes. PR genes are activated in both resistant and susceptible plants in response to pathogen attack. However, they often are expressed more rapidly and to a greater extent in incompatible interactions in which a resistant plant is challenged with an avirulent pathogen (Voisey and Slusarenko, 1989; van Kan et al., 1992;Jia and Martin, 1999). This implies that enhanced PR gene expression is mediated by a recognition event involving a disease resistance ( R ) gene and its cognate avirulence (avr) gene. The roles of PR genes in plant defense responses against pathogens have been widely investigated (Cutt and Klessig, 1992). The best-characterized plant defense genes include those that encode glucanases and chitinases. These enzymes appear to be antimicrobial, based on their ability to degrade cell wall components of pathogens (Mauch et al., 1988;Sela-Buurlage et al., 1993) and have been shown to enhance disease resistance when overexpressed in plants (Broglie et al., 1991; Zhu et al., 1994). Despite the established biological function in plant defense responses for some PR genes, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their expression in R-avr recognition remain largely unclear.The expression of many defense-related genes is regulated by signaling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene. Increases in SA and its conjugates have been associated with the activation of defense genes in many plant species (reviewed in Dempsey et al., 1999). Compelling evidence for a key role of SA in defense gene regulation comes from analysis of tobacco and Arabidopsis NahG transformants in which SA is converted to an inactive form. The NahG plants fail to induce several PR genes such as PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 and sho...

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“…In our previous study, we had mapped the NPR1 interaction domain of NIMIN1 to amino acids 49 to 54 (Weigel et al, 2001). To identify crucial residues within the sixamino acid region that are important for the interaction with NPR1, a rational site-directed mutagenesis approach was taken based on a multiple alignment of the region of three NIMIN proteins (NIMIN1, NIMIN1b, and NIMIN2) (Weigel et al, 2001) and G8-1, a NIMIN-like protein from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Horvath et al, 1998). Only two consecutive Phe residues are conserved in all four proteins (Phe-49 and Phe-50 in NIMIN1).…”

Section: Npr1 Interacts With Nimin1 But Not With a Mutant Derivativementioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of NIMIN1 with NPR1 Modulates PR Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

2005

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The Arabidopsis thaliana NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1 (NPR1, also known as NIM1) protein is an essential positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-induced PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) gene expression and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). PR gene activity is regulated at the level of redox-dependent nuclear transport of NPR1. NPR1 interacts with members of the TGA family of transcription factors that are known to bind to SA-responsive elements in the PR-1 promoter.In an attempt to identify proteins involved in SA-mediated signal transduction, we previously described the isolation of three novel genes encoding distinct albeit structurally related proteins designated NIMIN1 (for NIM1-INTERACTING1), NIMIN2, and NIMIN3 that interact with NPR1 in the yeast two-hybrid system. Here, we show that NIMIN1 and NPR1 can be copurified from plant extracts, providing biochemical evidence for their interaction. We provide functional evidence for this interaction by describing transgenic plants constitutively expressing high amounts of NIMIN1. These plants show reduced SA-mediated PR gene induction and a compromised SAR, thus mimicking the described phenotype conferred by npr1. Moreover, they showed reduced RESISTANCE gene-mediated protection. These effects were dependent on the ability of NIMIN1 to interact with NPR1. Mutant plants with a T-DNA insertion in NIMIN1 as well as transgenic plants with reduced NIMIN1 mRNA levels showed hyperactivation of PR-1 gene expression after SA treatment but no effect on the disease resistance phenotype. Our results strongly suggest that NIMIN1 negatively regulates distinct functions of NPR1, providing a mechanism to modulate specific features of SAR.

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Four Classes of Salicylate-Induced Tobacco Genes

Cited by 76 publications

References 45 publications

Early genomic responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis

Early genomic responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis

Pti4 Is Induced by Ethylene and Salicylic Acid, and Its Product Is Phosphorylated by the Pto Kinase

Interaction of NIMIN1 with NPR1 Modulates PR Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

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