Four abundant novel transcript genes from Toxocara canis with unrelated coding sequences share untranslated region tracts implicated in the control of gene expression

Callister, Deborah M.; Winter, Alan D.; Page, Antony P.; Maizels, Rick M.

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.07.004

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Strikingly, and similar to JMTV, it was previously noted that the library of T. canis contained four "abundantly expressed" RNAs whose DNA form was not found. We can now show that these transcripts have genetic organizations that show a strong resemblance to the four segments of JMTV (8,9). Specifically, of the four RNAs in T. canis, three are monocistronic and one was bicistronic with separate coding frames for two proteins (9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…We can now show that these transcripts have genetic organizations that show a strong resemblance to the four segments of JMTV (8,9). Specifically, of the four RNAs in T. canis, three are monocistronic and one was bicistronic with separate coding frames for two proteins (9). At the proteomic level, despite the lack of BLAST and HHblits hits for VP1 and VP3, each of the five JMTV proteins had a counterpart in T. canis with clear sequence similarity (SI Appendix, Table S1) and structural resemblance (SI Appendix, Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The genome sequences of a distant relative of JMTV-i.e., TCLAwere first reported by Tetteh et al (8) from T. canis and later extended by Callister et al (9), although they were not regarded as of viral origin. Although those authors could not find evidence for the cellular origin of these RNAs, their data provided compelling evidence of a typical virus genome, including bicistronic RNAs and frame-shifting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors

Qin

Shī

Tian

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

336

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Although segmented and unsegmented RNA viruses are commonplace, the evolutionary links between these two very different forms of genome organization are unclear. We report the discovery and characterization of a tick-borne virus-Jingmen tick virus (JMTV)-that reveals an unexpected connection between segmented and unsegmented RNA viruses. The JMTV genome comprises four segments, two of which are related to the nonstructural protein genes of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), whereas the remaining segments are unique to this virus, have no known homologs, and contain a number of features indicative of structural protein genes. Remarkably, homology searching revealed that sequences related to JMTV were present in the cDNA library from Toxocara canis (dog roundworm; Nematoda), and that shared strong sequence and structural resemblances. Epidemiological studies showed that JMTV is distributed in tick populations across China, especially Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis spp., and experiences frequent host-switching and genomic reassortment. To our knowledge, JMTV is the first example of a segmented RNA virus with a genome derived in part from unsegmented viral ancestors.evolution | segmentation S egmentation is a common form of genome organization in RNA viruses, although why it has evolved more than once and is maintained in such a diverse array of viruses, including those with both positive-and negative-sense genomes, are unclear (1). Segmented and unsegmented viruses usually belong to different viral families, such that the sequence divergence between them is often too great for any meaningful evolutionary inference. The only example of "recent" genome fragmentation in a single RNA molecule occurred in a laboratory strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (2, 3), although that this occurred following extensive propagation in cell culture means that its relationship to segmentation in nature is uncertain. Hence, the evolutionary links between unsegmented and segmented viruses, as well as the mechanisms that underpin their genesis, are poorly understood.The Flaviviridae are a family of unsegmented positive sense RNA viruses that infect vertebrate and invertebrate species, including the important human pathogens dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and hepatitis C virus. Despite the substantial sequence divergence between the Flavivirus, Pestivirus, and Hepacivirus genera that make up the Flaviviridae, they exhibit a similar genomic structure characterized by a single ORF with distinct clusters of structural and nonstructural genes. The ORF is translated into a single polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into structural and nonstructural proteins. Among the nonstructural protein products, NS3 and NS5 possess the enzymatic domains essential for RNA capping and genome replication (4), whereas the NS3 and NS2b proteins form a two-component serine protease involved in posttranslational cleavage of the viral polyprotein (5).Herein we describe the discovery and characterization of an...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors

Qin

Shī

Tian

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

336

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“…Additionally, eight JMTV-like viruses have been sequenced from insects collected in China (Shi et al, 2015), England and Kenya (Webster et al, 2015) (Table 2). Qin et al (2014) have also demonstrated that four highly-expressed transcripts isolated from a larval roundworm ( Toxocara canis ) (Callister et al, 2008) are actually of viral origin and exhibit homology to JMTV. This virus has tentatively been named T. canis larva agent (TCLA) (Qin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no sequence-level similarity is detectable for this segment between these two groups. GCXV, JMTV and TCLA all exhibit some degree of sequence conservation (across segments) in the non-coding UTRs (Callister et al, 2008; Qin et al, 2014), and these regions may play a role in the initiation of translation and/or replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicomponent Animal Virus Isolated from Mosquitoes

Ladner

Wiley

Beitzel

et al. 2016

Cell Host & Microbe

132

176

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SUMMARY RNA viruses exhibit a variety of genome organization strategies, including multicomponent genomes in which each segment is packaged separately. While multicomponent genomes are common among viruses infecting plants and fungi, their prevalence among those infecting animals remains unclear. We characterize a multicomponent RNA virus isolated from mosquitoes, designated Guaico Culex virus (GCXV). GCXV belongs to a diverse clade of segmented viruses (Jingmenvirus) related to the prototypically unsegmented Flaviviridae. The GCXV genome comprises five segments, each of which appears to be separately packaged. The smallest segment is not required for replication, and its presence is variable in natural infections. We also describe a variant of Jingmen tick virus, another Jingmenvirus, sequenced from a Ugandan red colobus monkey, thus expanding the host range of this segmented and likely multicomponent virus group. Collectively, this study provides evidence for the existence of multicomponent animal viruses and their potential relevance for animal and human health.

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Tick-Borne Viruses

et al. 2018

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Ticks are important vectors for the transmission of pathogens including viruses. The viruses carried by ticks also known as tick-borne viruses (TBVs), contain a large group of viruses with diverse genetic properties and are concluded in two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Some members of the TBVs are notorious agents causing severe diseases with high mortality rates in humans and livestock, while some others may pose risks to public health that are still unclear to us. Herein, we review the current knowledge of TBVs with emphases on the history of virus isolation and identification, tick vectors, and potential pathogenicity to humans and animals, including assigned species as well as the recently discovered and unassigned species. All these will promote our understanding of the diversity of TBVs, and will facilitate the further investigation of TBVs in association with both ticks and vertebrate hosts.

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Four abundant novel transcript genes from Toxocara canis with unrelated coding sequences share untranslated region tracts implicated in the control of gene expression

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors

A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors

A Multicomponent Animal Virus Isolated from Mosquitoes

Tick-Borne Viruses

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