Foundations on collapsible soils: a review

Kalantari, Behzad

doi:10.1680/feng.12.00016

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These are loessial type soils (Kalantari, 2012) and are generally unsaturated in state as found naturally (Zhu and Chen, 2009). Examples of such soils are wind-blown sand, loess or alluvial deposits generally found in arid or semi-arid environments where the evaporation of soil moisture is so high that they do not have sufficient time to consolidate under their own weight (Pye and Tsoar, 1990).…”

Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts have been made by various workers (Holtz and Hilf, 1961;Jennings and Knight, 1975;Jasmer and Ore, 1987;Anderson and Reimer, 1995;Reznik, 2007;Gaaver, 2012;Kalantari, 2012;Rezaei et al, 2012) to characterise collapsible soils based on laboratory testing. As stated earlier, Holtz and Hilf (1961) suggested that loess-like soils that have a void ratio large enough to exceed its moisture content beyond its liquid limit upon saturation are vulnerable to collapse.…”

Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kalantari (2012) reported a forensic investigation in San Diego, California, where the annual precipitation was about 30 cm before a residential subdivision was built and has been increased to about 170 cm (counting landscape irrigation) after it was built. Such increased level of precipitation had resulted in substantial settlements of the underlying compacted fill.…”

Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such soils may require special attention and treatment when being considered for use as foundation materials for important structures. Emphasis is being primarily given in this paper on collapsible soil cases and such soils usually sands consists primarily silt sized particles (Kalantari, 2012) possesses characteristics like naturally quite dry, open structure and high porosity (Noutash et al, 2010). The main drawback of these soils seen in the current case studies is that when standard penetration tests (SPT) are carried out in boreholes, they exhibited N-values in the medium dense range (N=4 to 10) as observed from the geotechnical reports, where collapsible soils were attributed finally as the cause for distresses experienced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when these soils become wet due to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 any reason and coupled with loading, they exhibit collapse in their structure leading to reduction in volume (Jotisankasa, 2005), causing settlements to structures being built upon them. Identification of collapsibility of soil was emphasised by many researchers in the past through laboratory tests (Holtz and Hilf, 1961;Jennings and Knight, 1975;Jasmer and Ore,1987;Anderson and Reimer, 1995;Reznik, 2007;Gaaver, 2012;Kalantari, 2012;Rezaei et al, 2012) and field test tests (Reznik, 1993;Houston et al, 1995). Field tests are undoubtedly expensive in ground investigations and most of these laboratory procedures involved performing tests on undisturbed soil samples through direct shear tests and oedometers, which is very difficult to sample in particularly the cohesionless soils in the case studies depicted in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geotechnical case studies: emphasis on collapsible soil cases

Vandanapu

Omer

Attom

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Forensic En

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Direct exposure of soil to certain atmospheric agents, such as water, can influence adversely or favourably the engineering behaviour of the soil. For instance, saturated and unsaturated/partially saturated soils behave differently, so do soils under seepage and hydrostatic pressures. Many theories in soil mechanics idealise soils as either cohesive or non-cohesive, and this has allowed much research to be done on saturated cohesive soils. However, non-cohesive soils have not received as much attention, apart from recent strength and dilatancy theories, yet in some parts of the world, certain non-cohesive soils pose significant risk to structures built on them. The most problematic examples of such soils are collapsible soils that may not be detected and properly considered in routine ground investigation activities. In this paper some case studies of collapsible soils in the United Arab Emirates are examined to analyse the effect of their collapse on infrastructure and the possible techniques to ameliorate the situation. The case studies include various sites that were found to suffer structural damage traceable to collapsible soils. It is found that in most cases the soil collapse was due to infiltration of rainwater or water from sustained irrigation activities at the surface.

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Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collapsible Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Geotechnical case studies: emphasis on collapsible soil cases

Vandanapu

Omer

Attom

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Forensic En

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Laboratory Simulation of Irrigation-Induced Settlement of Collapsible Desert Soils Under Constant Surcharge

2017

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The heterogeneous nature of soil as a load bearing material, coupled with varying environmental conditions, pose challenges to geotechnical engineers in their quest to characterize and understand ground behavior for safe design of structures. Standard procedures for checking bearing capacity and settlement alone may sometimes be insufficient to achieve an acceptable degree of durability and in-service performance of a structure, particularly under varying environmental conditions, whether natural or manmade. There exists a wide variety of problematic soils that exhibit swelling, shrinkage, dispersion and collapse characteristics occasioned by changes in moisture content. Specific examples are collapsible soils, which occur mainly in arid and semi-arid regions, are generally capable of resisting fairly large loads in the dry condition but suffer instability and significant strength loss when in contact with water. A number of case studies in the United Arab Emirates were examined, where lightly loaded structures such as boundary walls, pavements and footpaths had been built on ground overlying collapsible soil strata. Sustained irrigation of the dry landscapes was found to have caused uneven settlement of the collapsible soils leading to continuous distress to the structures as evident from cracking and deformation. To help address the problem, an opportunity has been taken to develop a laboratory method of simulating the loaded behavior of collapsible soils in varying situations and to measure its deformation at constant surcharge and ground water infiltration rates. Finally, relationships were developed to estimate the time and magnitude of settlement, if thickness of collapsible soil is known.

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