Foundations of Banking Origin and Social Rating Philosophy—A New Proposal for an Evaluation System

Abstract

Social impact investments represent a cultural revolution, as they offer the opportunity to pursue financial and social goals simultaneously. However, Social impact investing market configurations are not evolving equally across national contexts. Therefore, in different contexts, different actors may play the pivotal role to make social impact investments more attractive. The present work, by looking at the Italian context, applies a qualitative methodology to study Foundations of Banking Origin (FBOs). This is a specific category of foundation which is bound by law to work and expand the charity sector. It emerges that the role of these entities, inside the philanthropy system, should develop from “impact facilitators” to “impact generators” in promoting social initiatives. Furthermore, the work sustains the importance of introducing a social impact rating system as a formalized methodology to select and finance the worthiest social project. In this perspective, the definition of a clear social rating philosophy and its correct application in the rating system design and use is a necessary condition to increase the solidity of a social impact assessment model.

Evaluation of Dam Break Social Impact Assessments Based on an Improved Variable Fuzzy Set Model

“…It used GRD to replace the RMD calculation process to avoid uncertainty in the value of M in Equations (4), (5), (8), and (9), and this uncertainty is especially reflected in the processing of qualitative indicators. Although the VFSs was given the calculation equation for the value of M, this equation was based on the characteristics of linear changes in use (such as Equations (14) and (15)). However, the processing of qualitative problems demonstrates nonlinear changes.…”

“…The RMD µ A (u) ih of each index to the h-th level can be calculated according to Equations (8)- (11), (13,) and (15). The µ A (u) ih of all the indexes to be evaluated can be calculated and integrated, and then the RMD matrix of the m indexes to the c levels can be obtained as follows:…”

“…Moreover, it is convenient to use Equations (14) or (15) for the calculation when dealing with quantitative problems. However, the core meaning for the treatment of qualitative indexes cannot be expressed clearly and accurately based on the equations alone.…”

“…For many projects under construction or already in operation, a comprehensive evaluation should consider the financial, economic, environmental, and social effects of a dam break, where social impact evaluations are the highest level of evaluation [12]. Social risk is an area of great concern and since its inception it has been applied in many fields, such as vehicle fuels [13], social media communication [14], social rating philosophy and Foundations of Banking Origin [15], wildfires [16], and raw material supplies [17]. Social impact assessments consider many factors, including business investment, institutional culture, and engineering economy.…”

Robust portfolio optimization for banking foundations: a CVaR approach for asset allocation with mandatory constraints

“…FBOs are the main philanthropic organizations in Italy, and are bound by law to work and expand the charity sector (Minguzzi et al 2019). FBOs sponsor infrastructure and healthcare projects, social benefit programs, volunteering activities, local community projects, education, culture, art and scientific research.…”