“…That there is a growing body of literature applying complexity to management (Brodnick & Krafft, 1997;Rosenhead, 1998;Lissack, 1999;Gold, 2000;Stacey et al, 2000;Underwood, 2000;Stacey, 2001) and education (for instance, Sawada & Caley, 1985;Doll, 1986Doll, , 1989aDoll, ,b, 1997Doll, -8, 2002Iannone, 1995;Zhang & Fowler, 1996;Mintz & Yun, 1999;Bloom, 2000;Jorg, 2000Jorg, , 2001a is not surprising given its focus on evolving and changing systems, notions central to learning and teaching, as well as organisational change literature. These contexts are a particular focus of this article since they are disciplines in which action research has traditionally found a strong position.…”