“…Some of the recommendations for change include identifying women with children immediately upon arrest and providing gender-specific services and parenting education, providing contingency housing, respite care for children, mentoring support and residential treatment for mothers and children (Bogart et al., 2005; Snyder, 2009). Gender responsive treatment for SU in women has been recognized as a need that can improve the lives of women and children (Armstrong, 2008; Brown, 2002; Covington, 2002). Barriers to treatment for women have been documented by numerous scholars.…”