Foundations and Evolution of Modern Computing Paradigms: Cloud, IoT, Edge, and Fog

Donno, Michele De; Tange, Koen; Dragoni, Nicola

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2947652

Cited by 274 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Infrastructure, Data storage, resource sharing, and software access are the services offered by service providers [250]. Cloud computing consists of following entities [251]: 1. Cloud Providerdelivers the set of services to the interested parties, 2.…”

Section: Cloud Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) is an integration of the Sensor, Embedded, Computing, and Communication technologies. The purpose of the IoT is to provide seamless services to anything, anytime at any place. IoT technologies play a crucial role everywhere, which brings the fourth revolution of disruptive technologies after the internet and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The Research & Development community has predicted that the impact of IoT will be more than the internet and ICT on society, which improves the wellbeing of society and industries. Addressing the predominant system-level design aspects like energy efficiency, robustness, scalability, interoperability, and security issues result in the use of a potential IoT system. This paper presents the current state of art of the functional pillars of IoT and its emerging applications to motivate academicians and researches to develop real-time, energy-efficient, scalable, reliable, and secure IoT applications. This paper summarizes the architecture of IoT, with the contemporary status of IoT architectures. Highlights of the IoT system-level issues to develop more advanced real-time IoT applications have been discussed. Millions of devices exchange information using different communication standards, and interoperability between them is a significant issue. This paper provides the current status of the communication standards and application layer protocols used in IoT with the detailed analysis. The computing paradigms like Cloud, Cloudlet, Fog, and Edge computing facilitate IoT with various services like data offloading, resource and device management, etc. In this paper, an exhaustive analysis of Edge Computing in IoT with different edge computing architectures and existing status are deliberated. The widespread adoption of IoT in society has resulted in privacy and security issues. This paper emphasizes on analyzing the security challenges, privacy and security threats, conventional mitigation techniques, and further scope for IoT security. The features like fewer memory footprints, scheduling, real-time task execution, fewer interrupt, and thread switching latency of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) enables the development of time critical IoT applications. Also, this review offers the analysis of the RTOS's suitable for IoT with the current status and networking stack. Finally, open research issues in IoT system development are discussed.

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Section: Cloud Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

2020

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“…For the purpose of these experiments, equation (1) is approximated as shown in eq. (5). The initial VoI VoI 0 of an IO message m is obtained by calculating the average VoI of raw data messages RD i processed to obtain IO m and applying a service component specific multiplier…”

Section: ) the Phileas Simulator And The Target Use-casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fog Computing is a recently emerged paradigm that allocates information-processing services at the edge of the network, that is, on top of edge devices in proximity of raw data sources, information consumers, or both [1], [2]. Fog Computing is of significant relevance for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as it reduces response latency (and consequently improves the quality) of IT services and alleviates the burden on the network infrastructure [3]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOlistic pRocessing and NETworking (HORNET): An Integrated Solution for IoT-Based Fog Computing Services

et al. 2020

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Fog Computing is a recent and compelling paradigm that proposes to run informationprocessing services at the edge of the network. While interesting standardization efforts in Fog Computing are being currently pursued by many organizations, most of them focus on management and orchestration functions, and primarily propose the adoption and adaptation of programming models designed for Cloud applications. Instead, Fog Computing applications would significantly benefit from innovative solutions that, on the one hand, adopt an ''acceptable lossiness'' perspective and manage information processing/dissemination in a dynamic and integrated way and, on the other hand, support a Multi Layer Routing (MLR) approach to exploit multiple routing options at different abstraction levels at the same time. This paper presents an overview of the opportunities and challenges of Fog Computing-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications by jointly exploiting acceptable lossiness and MLR. In addition, the paper proposes the innovative Holistic pRocessing and NETworking (HORNET) Software Defined Networking (SDN) solution which leverages an information-centric and value-based service model and the MLR approach to support IoT applications. The reported preliminary experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. INDEX TERMS Fog computing, IoT, network softwarization, value-of-information (VoI).

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“…On the contrary, if all the user-centric process of WebGIS can be done near the user by utilizing edge computing, both the cloud load and traffic burden can be efficiently reduced [23]- [24][25] [26] [27]. This is also the basic idea of this paper: all the context-related processing modules are deployed as near the user side (edge node) as possible, while other system-related functionalities stay on the cloud side.…”

Section: Bsaas Model Of Cloud Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient, Customizable and Edge-Based WebGIS System

He¹,

Zhu

2020

IEEE Access

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Nowadays there is a wide range of applications for WebGIS which can add great value to modern economic, and building WebGIS system for specific scenarios is the common requirement of the industry. While currently separate WebGIS systems are deployed at different sites and operated by different owners, each of which has the whole set of functionalities of WebGIS, and thus introduce high cost of development and maintenance, which is a waste of resources as most of the functionalities are the same or similar. An edge computing based WebGIS architecture is proposed in the paper to meet the need of customization by applying the idea of SaaS. In this distributed architecture, the resource load is reasonably balanced between the server and the browser, which improves the overall performance of the system. Also it utilizes edge computing to reduce the pressure on the server by sharing map tiles among WebGIS clients. The proposed WebGIS system can not only be well customized and personalized as it is edge computing base, but also be well usable for large number of visits due to its distributed feature. The experiments show 5 concurrent requests per second, as well as response speed increases by more than 38.6% against traditional deployment. INDEX TERMS edge computing, customizable, WebGIS, high performance, map tile sharing, deviceenhanced MEC.

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Foundations and Evolution of Modern Computing Paradigms: Cloud, IoT, Edge, and Fog

Cited by 274 publications

References 54 publications

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

HOlistic pRocessing and NETworking (HORNET): An Integrated Solution for IoT-Based Fog Computing Services

Efficient, Customizable and Edge-Based WebGIS System

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