Foundation problems in Champlain clays during droughts. I: Rainfall deficits in Montréal (1930–1988)

Silvestri, Vincenzo; Soulié, M.; Lafleur, Jean; Sarkis, G.; Bekkouche, N.

doi:10.1139/t90-039

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Silvestri et al (1990) showed settlement problems in lightweight structures founded on Champlain clays in Montréal to be strongly controlled by potential evapotranspiration and associated rainfall deficits. Sattler and Fredlund (1989) demonstrated how heave and settlement for expansive clay soils are influenced by evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil suction on evaporative fluxes from soil surfaces

Wilson¹,

Fredlund²,

Barbour³

1997

Can. Geotech. J.

222

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This paper presents a theoretical approach in which a Dalton-type mass transfer equation is used to predict the evaporative fluxes from nonvegetated soil surfaces. Soil evaporation tests were conducted in the laboratory on three different soil samples of Beaver Creek sand, Custom silt, and Regina clay. The soil surfaces were saturated and allowed to evaporate to a completely air-dried state. The actual evaporation rate for each soil surface was measured along with the potential evaporation rate for an adjacent water surface. The ratio of actual evaporation to potential evaporation or normalized soil evaporation was then evaluated with respect to drying time, soil-water content, and soil suction. The value of the normalized soil evaporation was found to be approximately equal to unity for all soils until the total suction in the soil surfaces reached approximately 3000 kPa. The rate of actual soil evaporation was observed to decline when the total suction exceeded 3000 kPa. A relationship between the actual evaporation rate and total suction was found to exist for all three soil types which appears to be unique and independent of soil texture, drying time, and water content.Résumé : Cet article présente une approche théorique dans laquelle une équation de transfert de masse de type Dalton a été utilisée pour prédire les flux d'évaporation des surfaces de sol non couvertes de végétation. Des essais d'évaporation des sols ont été faits en laboratoire sur trois échantillons de sols différents, soit un sable de Beaver Creek, un silt Custom, et une argile de Regina. Les surfaces du sol ont été saturées et soumises à une évaporation jusqu'à un état de sècheresse complète à l'air. La vitesse réelle d'évaporation pour chaque surface de sol a été mesurée en même temps que la vitesse d'évaporation potentielle d'une surface d'eau adjacente. Le rapport de l'évaporation réelle sur l'évaporation potentielle, ou l'évaporation normalisée du sol, était alors évalué par rapport au temps de séchage, de la teneur en eau et de la succion du sol. L'on a trouvé que la valeur de l'évaporation normalisée du sol était approximativement égale à l'unité pour tous les sols jusqu'a ce que la succion totale dans les surfaces de sol atteignent approximativement 3000 kPa. L'on a observé que la vitesse de l'évaporation réelle du sol diminue lorsque la succion totale dépasse 3000 kPa. Il existe une relation entre la vitesse d'évaporation réelle et la succion totale pour les trois types de sol qui semble être unique et indépendante de la texture du sol, du temps de séchage, et de la teneur en eau.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil suction on evaporative fluxes from soil surfaces

Wilson¹,

Fredlund²,

Barbour³

1997

Can. Geotech. J.

222

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“…It results in significant soil subsidence and causes important damage to buildings and infrastructures (Corti et al 2009;Fu et al 2009;Silvestri et al 1990Silvestri et al , 1992. From 1987 to 1989, losses from drought in the USA totalled $39 billion with 36 % of the country in severe or extreme drought (OTA, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the effect of drying on soil hydro-mechanical properties using micro-penetration method

Tang

Shi

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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Understanding the hydro-mechanical response of soil during drying is significant for predicting and preventing the possible disasters related to drought climate. In this investigation, a novel micro-penetrometer was developed to characterize and quantify the drought-induced soil hydro-mechanical response based on the penetration curves, which present the variation of soil strength along depth. The relationships between the penetration resistance and soil water content, and the penetration resistance and soil suction were initially calibrated. It is found that the penetration resistance increases exponentially with decreasing water content as the soil is subjected to drying, while increases linearly with increasing suction. Before the air-entry value is reached, the drying-induced increment of soil strength is insignificant even a large amount of water is evaporated. During this stage, soil strength and water content along depth are generally uniform, and the increment of soil strength is consistent at any depth. After the air-entry value is reached, soil strength increases rapidly even water content decreases slightly. The distribution of soil strength along depth becomes non-uniform. It generally decreases exponentially with increasing depth due to the drying-induced water content and suction gradient. The predicted water content profile based on the penetration results was compared with the measured one, and good agreement was observed. It indicates that the proposed micro-penetration test can be used to characterize the hydro-mechanical response of soil during drying.

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“…Predicting the flux between land surface and atmosphere is a conventional problem in hydrology, climatology and agriculture. A series of engineering problems were constantly caused because of the variation of soil's moisture in geotechnical engineering, such as volume change of expansive soil, slope failure, foundation settlement, etc [1][2][3]. Recently, geotechnical engineers must face with some numerical and practical problems about soil surface moisture movement in more situations, and have paid more attention in predicting the boundary flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Critical Moisture Content of Unsaturated Evaporation

Zhang

Cao

2014

AMM

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Thin layer evaporation tests of three types of soil were conducted by a newly designed humidity-controllable evaporation and penetration measuring system and lasted for 8 days. The whole process of sample mass variation from wet to dry was recorded in the laboratory. The critical moisture content and air-dried moisture content were obtained from evaporation curve, which divided the evaporation process of thin layer unsaturated soil into three stages, including stable rate stage, reducing rate stage and residual stage. The soil water characteristic curves of soils were predicted by Arya and Paris model, the results showed that the critical moisture contents of evaporation process were the same with the water contents corresponding to residue values of SWCC, it is significant to studying on unsaturated evaporation process.

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Foundation problems in Champlain clays during droughts. I: Rainfall deficits in Montréal (1930–1988)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of soil suction on evaporative fluxes from soil surfaces

The effect of soil suction on evaporative fluxes from soil surfaces

Studying the effect of drying on soil hydro-mechanical properties using micro-penetration method

Study on Critical Moisture Content of Unsaturated Evaporation

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