Fouling of floating plastic debris under Biscayne Bay exposure conditions

Song, Young-Chae; Andrady, Anthony L.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(91)90249-r

Cited by 285 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As medium, 12 L of a zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) solution, with a density of 1.6-1.7 kg/L, was used. Since the plastic type with the highest density used in our experiments was POM (1.43 kg/L), we could guarantee the separation of all plastic types, also considering the still known and unknown mechanisms of degrading plastics and the attachment of biofilm on the fragments (Lobelle and Cunliffe 2011;MoretFerguson et al 2010;Ye and Andrady 1991).…”

Section: Density Separation-classical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-floating plastic debris will eventually settle and accumulate in marine sediments (Derraik 2002). Both, degradation and biofilm formation on the surface of floating plastic particles may facilitate the attachment of organic coatings, inorganic material (sand, shells), or other plastic debris (e.g., Lobelle and Cunliffe 2011;Ye and Andrady 1991). Moreover, some studies found a density gain over time especially in plastic types, which are normally buoyant in water (Ye and Andrady 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both, degradation and biofilm formation on the surface of floating plastic particles may facilitate the attachment of organic coatings, inorganic material (sand, shells), or other plastic debris (e.g., Lobelle and Cunliffe 2011;Ye and Andrady 1991). Moreover, some studies found a density gain over time especially in plastic types, which are normally buoyant in water (Ye and Andrady 1991). As a consequence of this additional weight, these masses tend to settle in sediments as well, resulting in an even higher proportion of human waste reaching the seafloor (Moret-Ferguson et al 2010;Goldberg 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one working group has used a highly dense media (1.4 kg/L; Cooper and Corcoran 2010;Corcoran et al 2009) to separate plastic particles in the range of L-MPP from sediments of Hawaiian beaches. Although this method represents an important step toward a reliable quantification of plastic debris in aquatic sediments, it is still likely to miss materials that are subject to density alteration due to weathering and biodegradation (Moret-Ferguson et al 2010;Ye and Andrady 1991) or highly dense materials such as PVC (1.40 kg/L) or POM (1.43 kg/L), which are also reported to have a toxicological impact (Lithner et al 2009). Particularly for micro-debris, which has increased in numbers in marine environments in the last decades (Barnes et al 2009;, it is indispensable to apply sophisticated separation methods (HidalgoRuz et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments

Imhof

Schmid

Nießner

et al. 2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

519

349

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Although plastic debris is constantly accumulating in aquatic environments, the impact on aquatic ecosystems is not yet fully understood. A first important step to assess the consequences of plastic debris in aquatic ecosystems is the establishment of a reliable, verified, and standardized method to quantify the amount of plastic particles in the environment. We improved the density separation approach by the construction of the so called Munich Plastic Sediment Separator (MPSS). It enables a reliable separation of different ecologically relevant size classes of plastic particles from sediment samples. A ZnCl 2 -solution (1.6-1.7 kg/L) as separation fluid allows for an extraction of plastic particles ranging from large fragments to small microplastic particles (S-MPP, <1 mm). Subsequent identification and quantification of the particles with spatial resolution down to 1 µm can be performed using Raman microspectroscopy. Our study is the first providing validated recovery rates of 100% for large microplastic particles (L-MPP, 1-5 mm) and 95.5% for S-MPP. The recovery rate for S-MPP, using the MPSS, was significantly higher than the value obtained by application of classical density separation setup (39.8%). Moreover, our recovery rates were significantly higher than those based on froth flotation (55.0% for L-MPP) commonly used in recycling industries. Hence, our improved method can be used for a reliable and time-efficient separation, identification and quantification of plastic fragments down to S-MPP. This will help foster studies quantifying the increasing contamination of aquatic environments with microplastic particles, which is a crucial prerequisite for future risk assessment and management strategies.

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Section: Density Separation-classical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments

Imhof

Schmid

Nießner

et al. 2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

519

349

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“…Plastics persist for hundreds to thousands of years in normal oceanic conditions (Barnes et al 2009). Also, polystyrene fragments and other minute plastics in the marine environment are readily colonized by biofilm and other organisms causing them to sink (Ye and Andrady 1991, Barnes 2002, Gregory 2009). Thus, these particles may interact with benthic (Thompson et al 2004, Graham and and pelagic organisms (Carpenter et al 1972, Boerger et al 2010, Davison and Asch 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Erosion of Marine Habitats and Structures by Burrowing Crustaceans

Davidson¹

2000

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Marine bioeroders, borers, and burrowers can have drastic effects to marine habitats and facilities. By physically altering the structure of marine habitats, these organisms may elicit ecosystem-level effects that cascade through the community. While borer damage is typically restricted to a few substratum types, burrowing isopods in the genus Sphaeroma attack a diversity of substrata in tropical and temperate systems. My dissertation examined how boring sphaeromatid isopods affect coastal habitats (saltmarshes, mangroves) and other estuarine substrata as well as marine structures. I used a combination of lab and mensurative field experiments to quantify the effects of boring by isopods and examine how select factors affect the colonization, hence burrowing damage by isopods. I explored these questions primarily using the temperate To examine the small-scale factors that mediate colonization and boring, I conducted a series of binary choice experiments. I found the presence of conspecifics, biofilm, and shade were important factors influencing colonization. These small scale factors likely explain why isopod attack is focused in some substrata. Finally, to examine the boring effects of tropical isopods in mangroves, I examined the associations between burrowing by S. terebrans and mangrove performance and fecundity. I found negative relationships between boring effects and performance and fecundity in two mangrove species in a restored mangrove stand in Taiwan. Together, these studies elucidate the effects of bioerosive isopods on saltmarshes, mangroves, and marine structures. However, the similar mechanisms involved in bioerosion in other boring species suggest that these results can be used to infer similar effects of other borers. In addition, since many species of sphaeromatid isopods have been introduced, this research shows how the effects of a non-native bioeroder can damage marine facilities and degrade and alter marine habitats.Through biological erosion and thus changing the physical structure of a marine habitat these non-native species can have ecosystem-level effects that cascade throughout the local community.iii Acknowledgements

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Plastics in the Oceans

2015

Plastics and Environmental Sustainability

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Fouling of floating plastic debris under Biscayne Bay exposure conditions

Cited by 285 publications

References 7 publications

A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments

A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments

Biological Erosion of Marine Habitats and Structures by Burrowing Crustaceans

Plastics in the Oceans

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