Fouling mechanisms of submerged ultrafiltration membranes in greywater recycling

Oschmann, Nadine; Nghiem, Long D.; Schäfer, A.I.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.12.023

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While the mechanisms of particulate fouling are reasonably well understood, the interaction of particles with organic matter which is the case in most real life applications and organic fouling in general remains a challenge. Bulk organic matter such as natural organics, effluent organics and compounds like humic acid (HA) have been known for its fouling potential in membrane processes for quite some time which was confirmed by Oschmann et al [23].…”

Section: Ultrafiltration Membrane Foulingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater

Schäfer

Nghiem

Oschmann

2006

Journal of Membrane Science

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Decentralised treatment is an increasing trend in the attempts to manage water more wisely in light of water restrictions, overconsumption and drought. Greywater is a fraction of household wastewater that offers the potential to be treated locally to be reused for garden irrigation, car washing and toilet flushing. In this paper the performance of submerged and direct ultrafiltration (UF) of synthetic greywater is investigated with regards to organic trace contaminant, namely Bisphenol A (BPA), and fouling. The synthetic greywater solution consisted of inorganic particulates (kaolin), organic fibres (cellulose), protein (casein), surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS), humic acid (HA), calcium, sodium chloride electrolyte and sodium bicarbonate buffer.Results indicate that UF can remove 30-45% of BPA. This removal is attributed to partitioning of the compound to the membrane material, suspended and dissolved solids as well as the fouling layer. Humic acid and calcium were the main contributors to fouling, which also affected BPA retention. Fouling increased with an increase in HA concentration, which calcium contributed most to fouling at a concentration of about 0.5 mM. At higher concentration of calcium aggregation appeared to reduce fouling significantly.The implications of this study are that trace contaminant-solute interactions play an important role for retention potential and this relationship offers room for optimization by selecting particulate additives with a high affinity for target compounds. This is of particular importance if such contaminants are a concern (which is dependent on the product water application) and in the absence of biological treatment which is in this case not desired. The separation of greywater into fractions of low and high strength is of advantage if this can eliminate the presence of humic substances.

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Section: Ultrafiltration Membrane Foulingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater

Schäfer

Nghiem

Oschmann

2006

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Since then several processes have been commercially available especially in countries which are faced with lack of water resources like in Australia (Jeppesen 1996;Gray and Becker 2002), Japan (Kishino et al 1996), Israel (Friedler and Hadari 2006), and so on (Al-Jayyousi 2003). These devices carry out coarse (Li et al 2009) or depth (Oschmann et al 2005;Ramon et al 2004) filtration, coagulation/flocculation , and biological treatment (Elmitwalli and Otterpohl 2007;Gross et al 2007;Merz et al 2007) associated (or not) with a step of disinfection (Chin et al 2009;Gilboa and Friedler 2008;Stevik et al 1999;Winward et al 2008b). But such recycling implies sanitary questions and particularly the impact on the human health as well as on the environment.…”

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confidence: 94%

Bathroom Greywater Characterization and Potential Treatments for Reuse

Chaillou

Gérente

Andrès

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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International audienceWith the emerging crisis of water, greywaters represent a significant resource of water if considering recycling for uses not requiring a drinking water quality. Samples of greywaters were taken from a few households. Their characterization led to results similar to those in literature. However, they showed a lack of phosphorus in C/N/P ratio. Nevertheless, it was shown that, in our study, median was more appropriate than mean. The potential treatment steps studied during this work were sand bed filtration, adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC), and sanitation by chlorine. The sand bed which was supplied with sequential feedings led to a very good removal of total suspended solids (TSS; and consequently of turbidity) as well as to a 30% COD decrease. However, the organic matter withdrawal was more efficient by adsorption onto GAC. The chlorination of greywaters was efficient to decrease the microbial population. Therefore, following the reclaimed water quality which would be required treatment might imply all steps or just one or two. This kind of low-cost device could thus be implemented for reuse such as irrigation, agricultural need, or urban use

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“…The system was equipped with a fish tank aerator for membrane cleaning purposes. This system is described in detail elsewhere [10].…”

Section: Filtration Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling in greywater recycling by direct ultrafiltration

2006

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Greywater is no doubt a valuable resource that can be used to alleviate water shortage and increase water conservation in individual households. It is particularly important for arid and semi-arid regions like Australia. Treated greywater can also be used for many activities within the household such as toilet flushing, garden watering, car washing, or pavement cleansing. This study examines the fouling behaviour of submerged ultrafiltration membranes in greywater recycling under concentration variation of common greywater constituents. The results indicate that the use of ultrafiltration directly for greywater recycling in individual households is promising. As expected, increase in particulate matter concentration results in a thicker cake layer. However, hydraulic resistance of such cake layers depends on the presence of other constituents namely calcium and organic matter, which play a major role in membrane fouling. Fouling increases linearly with organic matter concentration, while the presence of a small amount of calcium may enhance fouling significantly.

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Fouling mechanisms of submerged ultrafiltration membranes in greywater recycling

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater

Bisphenol A retention in the direct ultrafiltration of greywater

Bathroom Greywater Characterization and Potential Treatments for Reuse

Fouling in greywater recycling by direct ultrafiltration

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