Fouling in reverse electrodialysis under natural conditions

Vermaas, David A.; Kunteng, Damnearn; Saakes, Michel; Nijmeijer, Kitty

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.053

Cited by 226 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Another advantage of profiled membranes is a sensitivity to fouling much lower than that pertaining to stacks with net spacers [19]. Finally, the possibility of adopting profiled membranes with additional sub-corrugations was also investigated [20]; such a configuration did not exhibit a decrease in non-ohmic resistance because the sub-corrugations employed did not act as mixing promoters at the low Reynolds numbers typical of RE systems.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling of profiled-membrane channels for reverse electrodialysis

Gurreri

Ciofalo

Cipollina

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Reverse Electrodialysis (RE) is a promising technology for electric power generation from controlled mixing of two differently concentrated salt solutions, where ion exchange membranes are adopted for the generation of ionic currents within the system. Channel geometry strongly influences fluid flow and thus crucial phenomena such as pressure drop and concentration polarization. Profiled membranes are an alternative to the more commonly adopted net spacers and offer a number of advantages: avoiding the use of non-conductive and relatively expensive materials, reducing hydraulic losses and increasing the active membrane area.In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to predict the fluid flow and mass transfer behaviour in channels with profiled membranes for RE applications. In particular, channels equipped with pillars were simulated. The influence of channel geometry on fluid flow and concentration polarization was assessed by means of a parametric analysis for different 2 profile geometries. The Unit Cell approach along with periodic boundary conditions was adopted to simulate fully developed boundary conditions. Transport equations, valid also for concentrated solutions, were obtained from the rigorous Stefan-Maxwell equation along with the assumptions of binary electrolyte and local electroneutrality. Simulation results show that in the geometries investigated here the pumping power consumption is much lower than in a conventional net spacer and very close to that of the empty channel, while calm zones are generated by the profiles, which may accentuate polarization phenomena.

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Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling of profiled-membrane channels for reverse electrodialysis

Gurreri

Ciofalo

Cipollina

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…A RED stack comprises an alternating series of anion (AEMs) and cation exchange membranes (CEMs) typically separated by porous spacers (Veerman et al, 2009;Vermaas et al, 2011a). When high concentration (HC) and low concentration (LC) solutions flow through alternating chambers in the stack, cations and anions in HC chamber migrate into the LC chamber through the membranes with opposing-charge functional groups due to concentration gradient, resulting in a potential difference across the membranes (Długołę cki et al, 2010;Vermaas et al, 2011bVermaas et al, , 2013. Thus, renewable salinity gradient energy is converted to electrical energy to drive hydrogen evolution in an MREC, without the need for an external power source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of membrane stack configuration for efficient hydrogen production in microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells coupled with thermolytic solutions

Luo¹,

Nam²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Bioresource Technology

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“…Based on the principles of ED, a technology tailored towards prevention of scaling has been developed. The method known as Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) maintains the desalting function of the original ED, in addition to controlling membrane fouling and high feedwater recovery [46]. Figure 6 shows the EDR process and the direction of cation and anion flow.…”

Section: Electrodialysis Reversal (Edr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of high recovery concentrate management options

Leong

Tan

Charrois

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Current methods of inland concentrate disposal include surface water discharge, deep well injection and evaporation ponds. These methods are unsustainable and are limited by high capital cost and non-ubiquitous application. This paper gives an overview of potential alternatives and technologies available that can reduce the concentrate formed via reducing its volume or recycling. Potential alternatives explored have been electrodialysis, mechanical evaporation, VSEP and WAIV. All technologies have potential for use in areas distant from the coast and have better performance than currents management techniques. This paper reviews multiple studies that have explored alternate technologies for concentrate disposal in terms of economics and feasibility. Of the 5 case studies presented, VSEP shows promise as a secondary system of treatment via enhancing percentage recovery; higher permeate flux and lower operational costs.

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Fouling in reverse electrodialysis under natural conditions

Cited by 226 publications

References 25 publications

CFD modelling of profiled-membrane channels for reverse electrodialysis

CFD modelling of profiled-membrane channels for reverse electrodialysis

Optimization of membrane stack configuration for efficient hydrogen production in microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells coupled with thermolytic solutions

Review of high recovery concentrate management options

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