“…In fact, variable and insufficient funding accounted for a variety of challenges NY superintendents and principals were confronting (Cunningham, 2014;Venettozzi, 2014). Additionally, leaders had to make a consequential shift from status quo-oriented management to two related kinds of leadership: (1) policy innovation implementation leadership (Cobb, Donaldson, & Mayer, 2012); and (2) direct and indirect instructional leadership required under the new APPR system (Klar, Huggins, Hammonds, & Buskey, 2016;Neumerski, 2013;Rowland, 2015).…”