Foster children need more help after they reach the age of eighteen

Caregiver Configurations and Bullying Among High School Students

“…This instability in placement can contribute to the children experiencing challenges in schools often due to these multiple changes in home settings resulting in several school changes that adversely impact their learning (Vacca and Kramer-Vida 2012). Moreover, these specific children are at risk to encounter a potentially negative attitude toward them by school staff (Vacca 2006). Significant numbers of children in out-of-home placements are recipients of more constant, persistent and hurtful teasing than their classmates due to their living circumstances (Dougherty and Wolff 2011).…”

“…These problems include abuse, neglect, prenatal insult, and parental death (Vacca 2006;Wilson et al 2004). Of course, it is important to note that children in out-ofhome placements are likely safer and better off than if they remain in the pathogenic care of their parents (Wilson et al 2004), but adverse factors that led to the children's placement may precipitate social-emotional and behavioral problems (Vacca and Kramer-Vida 2012).…”

“…Some of the children are said to manifest increased levels of mental health challenges when compared to peers living with their parents. Data suggest 25 % of these children suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 52 % display psychosocial problems related to pre-natal drug exposure, and their incidence of special education placement is three times higher than children who are not part of out-of-home placements (Vacca 2006). Additionally, due to negative life events, high school age adolescents in out-of-home placements were found to be at a heightened risk to experience substance abuse, delinquency, and incarceration (Nilson 2007).…”

Assessments of Student–Teacher Relationships in Residential Treatment Center Schools

“…Brady and Caraway (2002) contended that, in addition to the trauma related to abuse and neglect, individuals who have been removed from their families' care are likely to have had a number of additional traumatic experiences in the context of their community and in residential treatment. These experiences include witnessing violence, losing primary caregivers, decreased contact with siblings and other family members, and frequent moves in schools and placements (Albus & Dozier, 1999;Sprang, Clark, Kaak, & Brenzel, 2004;Vacca, 2008). Because these children are either temporarily or permanently parentless and have experienced such pervasive trauma, their ability as adolescents to take guidance from caring adults is compromised (Dods, 2013;Peacock & Daniels, 2(06).…”

Analysis of trauma symptomology, trauma-informed care, and student-teacher relationships in a residential treatment center for female adolescents.

“…Brady and Caraway (2002) contend that in addition to the trauma related to abuse and neglect, those individuals who have been removed from their families' care are likely to have had a number of additional traumatic experiences in the context of their community and in foster care (particularly in residential treatment) that impact their current functioning. These experiences include witnessing violence, losing primary caregivers, decreased contact with siblings and other family members, and frequent moves in schools and placements (Albus & Dozier, 1999;Sprang, Clark, Kaak, & Brenzel, 2004;Vacca, 2008). Because these children are either temporarily or permanently parentless and have experienced such pervasive trauma, their ability as an adolescent to take guidance from caring adults is compromised (Peacock & Daniels, 2006).…”