Fossil record and ecology ofNyssa (Cornaceae)

Eyde, Richard H.

doi:10.1007/bf02935928

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…This relationship is strongly supported by several molecular phylogenetic studies (Xiang et al 2002(Xiang et al , 2011Fan and Xiang 2003). The morphological diversity of fruits within this lineage is striking (Eyde 1963) and appears to have been even more diverse in the past according to the fossil record (Eyde and Barghoorn 1963;Eyde 1997;Manchester et al 2015).…”

Section: Nmd Groupmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The fossil record of these families is extensive and is particularly well-documented by fruits (e.g., Reid and Chandler 1933;Eyde and Barghoorn 1963;Knobloch and Mai 1986;Eyde 1988Eyde , 1997Mai 1993;Tiffney and Haggard 1996;Stockey et al 1998;Manchester et al 1999Manchester et al , 2010Manchester et al , 2015Martinetto 2011). The general endocarp morphology observed in these families is also seen in Suciacarpa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Early diverging asterids of the Late Cretaceous:Suciacarpa starriigen. et sp. nov. and the initial radiation of Cornales

Atkinson

2016

Botany

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Two permineralized cornalean fruits from the Campanian of the state of Washington in the northwestern United States were studied using the cellulose acetate peel technique. One specimen was reconstructed three-dimensionally using ImageJ software. Fruits are ellipsoidal and consist of valvate endocarps. Valves are restricted to the apical third of the endocarp. Endocarps are tetralocular and each locule is crescent-shaped in cross section. The valve tissue consists of isodiametric sclereids and secretory cavities. Septae are composed of transversely elongated sclereids and secretory cavities. In each septum there are roughly two rows of vascular bundles that extend the length of the fruit. There is one apically attached seed per locule. These fossil fruits display a unique mosaic of characters indicative of Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Davidiaceae, and Mastixiaceae, but not conforming to any one of these extant families. Therefore, they are assigned to a new genus and species within Cornales, Suciacarpa starrii gen. et sp. nov. The novel combination of characters of Suciacarpa sheds light on the early evolution of Cornales and supports previous phylogenetic hypotheses.Key words: Cornales, Cornus, Cretaceous, Davidia, fossils.Résumé : Deux cornouilles perminéralisées du Campanien de l'état de Washington dans le nord-ouest des Etats-Unis ont été étudiées à l'aide de la technique de pelliculation à l'acétate de cellulose. Un spécimen a été reconstruit en trois dimensions par le logiciel ImageJ. Les fruits sont ellipsoïdaux et consistent en endocarpes valvés. Les valves sont restreintes au tiers apical de l'endocarpe. Les endocarpes sont tétra-loculaires et chaque loge a la forme d'un croissant en coupe transversale. Le tissu de la valve consiste en sclérites isodiamétriques et en cavités sécrétoires. Les cloisons sont composées de sclérites transversalement allongées et en cavités sécrétoires. Dans chaque cloison se trouvent à peu près deux rangées de faisceaux vasculaires qui prolongent la longueur du fruit. On trouve une graine par loge attachée à l'apex. Ces fruits fossiles présentent une mosaïque unique de caractères représentatifs des Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Davidiaceae et Mastixiaceae, mais qui ne se conforment à aucunes de ces familles existantes. Ainsi, ils sont assignés à un nouveau genre et espèce à l'intérieur des Cornales, Suciacarpa starrii gen. et sp. nov. Cette combinaison inédite de caractères de Suciacarpa fait la lumière sur l'évolution précoce des Cornales, et corrobore les hypothèses phylogéné-tiques précédentes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Nmd Groupmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early diverging asterids of the Late Cretaceous:Suciacarpa starriigen. et sp. nov. and the initial radiation of Cornales

Atkinson

2016

Botany

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“…The terminology for characters of endocarp surface is explained below; see also Eyde (1997). The endocarp surface (SSF) can be described as smooth or rough.…”

Section: Plant Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesomora. Moreover, some features of the endocarp sculpture (ribbing pattern) allow for a simple identification of Nyssa, a genus closely related to Cornus (Eyde 1997). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

2014

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The genus Cornus encompasses a wide range of attractive wild taxa, often used as ornamental plants in landscaping. The aim of this investigation was to highlight the quantitative and qualitative diversity within endocarp morphological traits apparent among 15 Cornus species representing different geographical and phylogenetic groups. Seventeen morphological traits of Cornus endocarps were evaluated in 185 Cornus collections originating from the Northern Hemisphere. To explore structure in our dataset and reduce its complexity, several multivariate statistical analyses (i.e., PCA, MANOVA, ANOVA, and analysis of contingency tables) were employed. Two clearly distinct sample groups were observed after the PCA, reflecting a high level of taxonomic division of analyzed species, i.e., subgenera: Mesomora and Kraniopsis. The study highlights qualitative and/or quantitative characters that partitioned (1) groups of species or some individual species, (2) geographical groups, and (3) cultivated and wild collections. Results of trait validation are presented in identification keys. A partial congruence was detected between our results and a currently available species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus. The morphology of Cornus endocarps is of taxonomic importance and provides a key for species identification. The existence of only subtle morphological differences between some closely related taxa does not sufficiently explain their species status. The applicability of our results to the previously published morphological records is limited, mainly due to vague terminology. Considerably more work will need to be done to determine the effect of cultivation on qualitative reproductive traits of Cornus species.

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“…The leaves of the fossil species, C. japonica, were found in Miocene Yoshioka, Hokkaido, Japan [4]. Related genera in the family have been recorded in North America [5,6]. Recently, Manchester et al, (1999) described two fossil genera, Beringiaphyllum leaves and Amersina fruit from Paleocene of eastern Asia and North America, emphasizing that these two genera likely represent a single extinct genus with leaves similar to Davidia and fruit similar to Camptotheca [7].…”

Section: Geographical and Ecological Distribu-tionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Camptotheca Decaisne: Endangered Status

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Northrup³

et al. 2014

TOPHARMCJ

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Camptotheca Decaisne is endemic to southern China. Since 1934, C. acuminata has been widely introduced to many gardens and arboreta in North America, Asia, and Europe as living collections. Our national surveys in China between 1995 and 1998 indicated that the genus. Camptotheca spp. are severely endangered in native range. Our field surveys failed to locate any wild populations of C. acuminata although it is often cultivated as landscape trees in southern China. We could not identify any living trees of C. acuminata var. tenuifolia and var. rotundifolia. We estimated that there are approximately 500 mature trees of C. lowreyana in Guangdong and less than 50 wild mature trees of C. yunnanensis in Yunnan.

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Fossil record and ecology ofNyssa (Cornaceae)

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

Early diverging asterids of the Late Cretaceous:Suciacarpa starriigen. et sp. nov. and the initial radiation of Cornales

Early diverging asterids of the Late Cretaceous:Suciacarpa starriigen. et sp. nov. and the initial radiation of Cornales

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

Distribution of Camptotheca Decaisne: Endangered Status

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