Fossil plankton depth zones

Boucot, A. J.; Chen, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2009.05.002

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Overall, the Buttington graptolite assemblages seem transitional between Štorch's (1998) sub-faunas (a) and (b), the latter being characterized by enrichment by age-diagnostic species including some cyrtograptids. Both Berry and Boucot (1972) and Chen (1990; see also Boucot and Chen, 2009) show Cyrtograptus to be restricted to the deepest offshore shelf environments and to be associated with diverse graptolite assemblages. The distribution pattern of Cyrtograptus murchisoni at least does not fit this model and indeed appears rather complex.…”

Section: Graptolite Record Through the Escie At Buttingtonmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biotic, geochemical and environmental changes through the early Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) carbon isotope excursion (ESCIE), Buttington Quarry, Wales

Loydell

Large

2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Section: Graptolite Record Through the Escie At Buttingtonmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biotic, geochemical and environmental changes through the early Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) carbon isotope excursion (ESCIE), Buttington Quarry, Wales

Loydell

Large

2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Although no specific brachiopod assemblage has been found in the Ordovician, predecessors have determined the specific sedimentary environment of different graptolite genera and species according to the biological assemblage. Therefore, according to graptolite characteristics and specific global common burial assemblages, the depth zoning pattern of graptolite can be a reference (Figure 8) [71,72]. Many diallel graptolites occur in the study area.…”

Section: Indication Of Graptolite Shale In Original Organic Matter Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the synsedimentary period, BSR occurred by active microorganis under sulfur and iron enrichment conditions. The sedimentary environment is benefic [71,72]).…”

Section: Indication Of Graptolite Shale In Original Organic Matter Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Graptolite Shale in the Pingliang Formation of the Ordos Basin, China: Implications for Organic Matter, Thermal Evolution, and Hydrocarbon Reservoir

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Energies

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Graptolite-rich shale is the main layer of shale gas resources in the southern marine sedimentary basin. Recently, shale gas resources were discovered in the Ordovician marine graptolite-rich strata in the Ordos Basin. The graptolite shale in the study area is different from the marine graptolite shale in the Yangtze plate in southern China, and further exploration is needed. This paper presents core samples of the graptolite-rich shale of the Pingliang Formation in the southwest Ordos Basin as research objects. The graptolite genus and graptolite shale characteristics were studied using core observation, electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and geochemical analysis. We determined the role of the sedimentary environment and thermal maturation of graptolite shale in hydrocarbon formation and explored the possibility of hydrocarbon generation. Many graptolite epidermises provide buried organic matter. The quiet sea and low-energy marine environment create favorable conditions for preserving organic matter. The tectonic process resulted in the evolution stage in the oil generation window. Different types of pores formed the spaces of hydrocarbons. Therefore, the shale of the Pingliang Formation has shale oil exploration potential, which complements the shale gas in the northwestern margin of the basin, and provides new venues for shale oil and gas exploration in northern China.

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“…The maximum living depth of plankton, like graptolite, indicated the ceiling of the lower layer that was unsuitable for living. The plankton zonation discussed [44] showed that the living zone of graptolite deepened since cyphus of the late Rhuddanian (Figure 10), demonstrating the decline of the reductive water ceiling and the deterioration of conditions for organic matter preservation. Except that of the area influenced by uplifts, the ceiling of dark shale at the basin centre descended later than that near the uplifts, indicating longer duration of the environment that was advantageous for organic preservation.…”

Section: Coupling Of Dark Shale Development and Water Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Silurian Sedimentary Environment of Middle-Upper Yangtze: Lithological and Palaeontological Evidence and Impact on Shale Gas Reservoir

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The organic-enriched thick shale at the bottom of Longmaxi Formation is laterally continuous distributed and has been proven to be of good production capability in Fuling of Upper Yangtze. Uplifts that developed during the sedimentation influenced the reservoir characteristics by taking control of the sedimentary environment and provenance. The sedimentary environments are mainly deep-water shelf, shallow-water shelf, and tidal flat. By analyzing reservoir characteristic of these three environments, the deep-water shelf, which dominated the early stage of sedimentation, formed a high-quality reservoir with high TOC (Total Organic Carbon) content, porosity, and brittleness, while the environment was maintained around the basin centre until the Early Silurian. The shales deposited under the shallow-water environment were of low porosity because of the increasing calcareous and argillaceous contents. Sediments which formed on the tidal flat were arenaceous and of the lowest TOC content as the organic preservation conditions deteriorated. The good correlation of graptolite abundance and TOC content, and high porosity within graptolite fossils emphasize the importance of palaeontological development. The argillaceous cap over the Longmaxi shale is of good sealing capability, and the continuous sedimentation zone along southern Sichuan–eastern Chongqing is the best optimized hydrocarbon-bearing system. However, a weak interface on the discontinuity is the potential lateral pathway for gas diffusion at Northern Guizhou and Western Hunan, but on the southeast margin where the dark shale and the tidal sandstone contact, it promises to form a tight gas reservoir.

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Fossil plankton depth zones

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Biotic, geochemical and environmental changes through the early Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) carbon isotope excursion (ESCIE), Buttington Quarry, Wales

Biotic, geochemical and environmental changes through the early Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) carbon isotope excursion (ESCIE), Buttington Quarry, Wales

Geochemical Characteristics of Graptolite Shale in the Pingliang Formation of the Ordos Basin, China: Implications for Organic Matter, Thermal Evolution, and Hydrocarbon Reservoir

The Early Silurian Sedimentary Environment of Middle-Upper Yangtze: Lithological and Palaeontological Evidence and Impact on Shale Gas Reservoir

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