Fossil Liposcelididae and the lice ages (Insecta: Psocodea)

Grimaldi, David A.; Engel, Michael S.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3337

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Our results are consistent with three independent lines of evidence-the insect fossil record, avian and mammalian molecular divergence estimates, and biogeographic data. Recent Mid-Cretaceous finds of fossilized book-louse family ('Psocoptera': Liposcelididae), the close relatives to parasitic lice, led Grimaldi & Engel [11] to estimate that parasitic and non-parasitic louse lineages diverged from each other deep in the Cretaceous, approximately 100 -145 Myr ago. Similar dates have been estimated for the radiation of modern bird and mammal orders-the contemporary hosts of parasitic lice [7,8,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is an exceptionally preserved 44 million years (Myr) bird louse fossil, corroborating the antiquity of the bird louse association [10]. The second is the oldest fossil of the book-louse family Liposcelididae (ca 100 Ma [11]), which is the closest free-living relative of parasitic lice [12,13]. We use these calibration points, together with data from multiple genetic markers, to establish the age of the major lineages of parasitic lice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple lineages of lice pass through the K–Pg boundary

et al. 2011

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For modern lineages of birds and mammals, few fossils have been found that predate the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary. However, molecular studies using fossil calibrations have shown that many of these lineages existed at that time. Both birds and mammals are parasitized by obligate ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera), which have shared a long coevolutionary history with their hosts. Evaluating whether many lineages of lice passed through the K–Pg boundary would provide insight into the radiation of their hosts. Using molecular dating techniques, we demonstrate that the major louse suborders began to radiate before the K–Pg boundary. These data lend support to a Cretaceous diversification of many modern bird and mammal lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple lineages of lice pass through the K–Pg boundary

et al. 2011

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“…Examples of such localized extinctions include (this list is by no means exhaustive but merely highlights examples across the phylogenetic spectrum of Insecta) bristletails of the genus Trinemurodes Silvestri (Sturm & Mendes, 1998); silverfish of the genus Hemitrinemura Mendes (Mendes & Poinar, 2004); termites of the genera Mastotermes Froggatt, Dolichorhinotermes Snyder & Emerson, Coptotermes Wasmann, and Constrictotermes Holmgren (Krishna & Grimaldi, 1991, 2009); barklice of the genus Belaphopsocus Badonnel (Grimaldi & Engel, 2006b); termite bugs of the genus Termitaradus Myers (Grimaldi & Engel, 2008;Engel, 2009a); stag beetles of the genus Syndesus No. 12…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wasp genus <i>Clystopsenella</i> in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae)

Engel

2015

Novit. Paleoentomol.

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Abstract. Clystopsenella Clystopsenella longiventris Clystopsenella mirabilisC. longiventris evidence regarding possible host associations or behaviors have been published (e.g., Day, 1977;Evans et al., 1979;Brothers, 1981). Melo (2000) reported that Pristapenesia stricta (Azevedo) developed gregariously as idiobiont parasitoids of anobiid larvae (Bostrichoidea: Anobiidae). In this species, the adult female digs her way into the beetle's tunnels and upon discovering the larva proceeds to sting it and deposit several eggs along the immobilized larva. Once the wasp's larvae eclose, they feed gregariously on the beetle until eventually spinning their pupal cocoons. During the same study, Melo (2000) was able to document sibling mating and noted that this, along with their association with wood-boring beetle hosts, likely confers upon scolebythids an ease for becoming adventive. Indeed, accidental introduction had already been suggested as a possible explanation for the widely disjunct occurrences of Ycaploca evansi Nagy (Naumann, 1990). Ycaploca evansi has been assumed to develop on larvae of Cerambycidae (Day, 1977;Brothers, 1981), while Scolebythus madecassus Evans was found in presumed beetle burrows in rotting wood (Evans et al., 1979). Fossil scolebythids significantly outnumber the presently known extant species (Aguiar et al., 2013; Table 1). The first fossil scolebythid, Pristapenesia primaeva Brues, was described as a bethylid (as the family Scolebythidae was not established until several decades later) in Middle Eocene Baltic amber (Brues, 1933). Brues (1933) did not recognize the similarity between Pristapenesia Brues and Clystopsenella Kieffer, the only two scolebythids then known and both placed in Bethylidae. It was not until three decades later that Evans (1963) realized, when describing Scolebythus Evans, the distinctiveness of the group from bethylids, although he did not at that time recognize that P. primaeva belonged to the same lineage. Prentice et al. (1996) also did not realize the proper placement of P. primaeva when they described two fossil scolebythids from Lebanese and Dominican amber. Indeed, it was not until Brothers & Janzen (1999) studied a new series of male and female P. primaeva that the proper placement for this genus was discovered, and that the Dominican amber fossil described by Prentice et al. (1996) was congeneric. In fact, it is now understood that Pristapenesia also includes two of the modern species (Azevedo et al., 2011). Subsequently, scolebythids have been discovered in numerous deposits, virtually all being represented by inclusions in amber with the sole exception of two species from Liaoning, China (Cai et al., 2012). Cretaceous scolebythids have been discussed and described from Barremian Lebanese amber (Prentice et al., 1996;Engel & Grimaldi, 2007a; vide Maksoud et al., 2014, on recent dating of these deposits), Barremian Jordanian amber (Kaddumi, 2005: which appears to be an individual of Zapenesia Engel & Grimaldi), Albian Spanish amber , Turonian New Jersey am...

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“…The format and terminology for the description loosely follow those used in previous works on fossil Liposcelididae (e.g., Grimaldi & Engel, 2006). The specimen was examined using reflected and transmitted light with both an Olympus SZX-12 stereomicroscope and a BX-41 compound microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%