Fossil dragonfly-type larva with lateral abdominal protrusions and implications on the early evolution of Pterygota

Haug, Joachim T.; Müller, Patrick; Haug, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103162

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Wichard et al, 2009) it indeed appears that in certain amber types aquatic organisms are preserved in situ (e.g. Schmidt et al, 2018;Xing et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2019;Zhao et al,2019;Gustafson et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Schädel et al, 2020Schädel et al, , 2021aSchädel et al, , 2021bHaug et al, 2021c;Baranov et al, 2022). Also Mexican amber is well known to preserve aquatic organisms (Huys et al, 2016 Matzke-Karasz et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small beetle larva preserved in 23-million-year-old Mexican amber: possible first fossil record of an immature variegated mud-loving beetle

Zippel¹,

Haug²,

Gauweiler³

et al. 2022

BSGM

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Beetles occupy a vast amount of different ecological roles in both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. The often very specialised morphology of the adults can frequently be associated with their specific roles. Yet, the ecologically independent larvae of the same species are often unknown; this applies even more so to fossils. Here we report a new fossil beetle larva preserved in Mexican amber. The beetle larva was documented via digital microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray µCT). The observed features, especially of the trunk, but also the maxillo-labial complex as well as the moulting suture of the head capsule are reminiscent to those of larvae of variegated mud-loving beetles, Heteroceridae. The trunk end is tube-like and protrudes ventro-terminally from abdomen segment 9. While present in other beetle lineages, this morphology is in these lineages, for example, not combined with a simple moulting suture. Some features potentially further supporting an interpretation as a larva of Heteroceridae are not accessible. The interpretation yet remains the most compatible one. Assuming a similar life style to modern larvae of Heteroceridae indicates an original lifestyle associated with running waters, but not within these. Heteroceridae is an ingroup of Byrrhoidea; the fossil record of byrrhoidean larvae is still very scarce. The new fossil hence adds a rare ecological function to the Miocene amber fauna, representing the first fossil record of a larva of Heteroceridae and expanding the fossil record of byrrhoidean larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small beetle larva preserved in 23-million-year-old Mexican amber: possible first fossil record of an immature variegated mud-loving beetle

Zippel¹,

Haug²,

Gauweiler³

et al. 2022

BSGM

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“…Additionally, water isolates resin from any contact with high concentrations of oxygen in the air, slowing the resin polymerization, allowing heavier (and stronger) animals to break through several upper millimeters of a polymerized crust, and be entrapped even weeks after the resin flow was first deposited (Schmidt and Dilcher, 2007). Numerous larvae of merolimnic insects have been reported from amber before, such as dragonflies (Wichard et al, 2009;Schädel et al, 2020;Haug et al, 2021), mayflies (Wichard et al, 2009), stoneflies (Wichard et al, 2009), lacewings (Haug et al, 2020), alderflies (Wichard et al, 2009;Baranov et al, 2022), and caddisflies (Wichard et al, 2009). Recent discoveries of marine plankton (Girard et al, 2008), seed shrimps (Wang et al, 2020), aquatic isopodan crustaceans (Schädel et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique fossils of caddisfly larvae from Baltic amber and in situ amber formation in aquatic ecosystems

Baranov,

Hammel,

Gröhn

et al. 2023

Palaeontol Electron

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Amber is formed by tree resins in terrestrial habitats. Therefore, a preservation of animals living in water in amber may appear surprising. Still more and more finds of such animals were reported in recent years. The central question around these finds is, whether the animals became entrapped in the resin in their original habitat (in situ), or whether the aquatic animals have left their original habitat to become entrapped in the resin (ex situ). We report additional finds of caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera; Leptoceridae, Lepidostomatidae) in Baltic amber. Two of these still bear their cases, which should not be present for caddisfly larvae, which escaped the waterbodies and became entrapped ex situ. One of the two is preserved with additional caddisfly larvae as well as a larva of a seemingly aquatic non-biting midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) attached to its caddis case. These finds further support a possible in situ preservation of aquatic animals in amber.

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“…Cicada nymphs can live underground for up to 17 years 17,18 , with their life cycles producing significant effects on forest soils, microbial biomass, nutrient availability, predators, and host plants [21][22][23][24][25] . Immature and imaginal stages of individuals do not equally respond to the same evolutionary forces; therefore, different growth stages are of great significance in revealing different aspects of evolutionary mechanisms [26][27][28] . Consequently, nymphal fossils are necessary to illuminate the complete life cycles of ancient cicadas and their effects on terrestrial ecosystems, both below-and above ground.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding

Jiang,

Szwedo,

Labandeira

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Extant cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) includes widely distributed Cicadidae and relictual Tettigarctidae, with fossils ascribed to these two groups based on several distinct, minimally varying morphological differences that define their extant counterparts. However, directly assigning Mesozoic fossils to modern taxa may overlook the role of unique and transitional features provided by fossils in tracking their early evolutionary paths. Here, based on adult and nymphal fossils from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of Myanmar, we explore the phylogenetic relationships and morphological disparities of fossil and extant cicadoids. Our results suggest that Cicadidae and Tettigarctidae might have diverged at or by the Middle Jurassic, with morphological evolution possibly shaped by host plant changes. The discovery of tymbal structures and anatomical analysis of adult fossils indicate that mid-Cretaceous cicadas were silent as modern Tettigarctidae or could have produced faint tymbal-related sounds. The discovery of final-instar nymphal and exuviae cicadoid fossils with fossorial forelegs and piercing-sucking mouthparts indicates that they had most likely adopted a subterranean lifestyle by the mid-Cretaceous, occupying the ecological niche of underground feeding on root. Our study traces the morphological, behavioral, and ecological evolution of Cicadoidea from the Mesozoic, emphasizing their adaptive traits and interactions with their living environments.

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Fossil dragonfly-type larva with lateral abdominal protrusions and implications on the early evolution of Pterygota

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

A small beetle larva preserved in 23-million-year-old Mexican amber: possible first fossil record of an immature variegated mud-loving beetle

A small beetle larva preserved in 23-million-year-old Mexican amber: possible first fossil record of an immature variegated mud-loving beetle

Unique fossils of caddisfly larvae from Baltic amber and in situ amber formation in aquatic ecosystems

Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding

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