Fossil cells

Donoghue, Philip C. J.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.063

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…But while we have gained some major insights from these paleontological studies 116,117 , the vast majority of eukaryote diversity is non-fossilized and existing fossils can be hard to interpret, particularly those very ancient microfossils from the Proterozoic Era (ca. 2000-1400 to 720 Ma) 118,119 . However, phylogenetic comparative methods implementing stochastic models of diversification based on extant diversity have flourished in recent years 120 .…”

Section: Global and Local Patterns Of Protist Diversity And The Processes Governing Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and ecology of protists revealed by metabarcoding

2021

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Protists are the dominant eukaryotes in the biosphere where they play key functional roles. While protists have been studied for over a century, it is the high-throughput sequencing of molecular markers from environmental samples -the approach of metabarcoding -that has revealed just how diverse, and abundant, these small organisms are. Metabarcoding is now routine to survey environmental diversity, so data have rapidly accumulated from a multitude of environments and at different sampling scales. This mass of data has provided unprecedented opportunities to study the taxonomic and functional diversity of protists, and how this diversity is organised in space and time. Here, we use metabarcoding as a common thread to discuss the state of knowledge in protist diversity research, from technical considerations of the approach to important insights gained on diversity patterns and the processes that might have structured this diversity. In addition to these insights, we conclude that metabarcoding is on the verge of an exciting added dimension thanks to the maturation of high-throughput long-read sequencing, so that a robust eco-evolutionary framework of protist diversity is within reach. ll

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Section: Global and Local Patterns Of Protist Diversity And The Processes Governing Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and ecology of protists revealed by metabarcoding

2021

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“…However, stem lineages, by definition, comprise entirely extinct species that are known only from fossils, for which genomic data are absent. Nevertheless, some information about vertebrate genome size is preserved within fossil bone (25)(26)(27). Living organisms show a positive correlation between cell size and genome size (28)(29)(30), such that the volumes of bone cell spaces (osteocyte lacunae) allow estimates of genome size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication

Davesne

Friedman

Schmitt

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Teleost fishes comprise one-half of all vertebrate species and possess a duplicated genome. This whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurred on the teleost stem lineage in an ancient common ancestor of all living teleosts and is hypothesized as a trigger of their exceptional evolutionary radiation. Genomic and phylogenetic data indicate that WGD occurred in the Mesozoic after the divergence of teleosts from their closest living relatives but before the origin of the extant teleost groups. However, these approaches cannot pinpoint WGD among the many extinct groups that populate this 50- to 100-million-y lineage, preventing tests of the evolutionary effects of WGD. We infer patterns of genome size evolution in fossil stem-group teleosts using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography to measure the bone cell volumes, which correlate with genome size in living species. Our findings indicate that WGD occurred very early on the teleost stem lineage and that all extinct stem-group teleosts known so far possessed duplicated genomes. WGD therefore predates both the origin of proposed key innovations of the teleost skeleton and the onset of substantial morphological diversification in the clade. Moreover, the early occurrence of WGD allowed considerable time for postduplication reorganization prior to the origin of the teleost crown group. This suggests at most an indirect link between WGD and evolutionary success, with broad implications for the relationship between genomic architecture and large-scale evolutionary patterns in the vertebrate Tree of Life.

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“…Because of historical contingencies and technical limitations, evolutionary thinking has not been applied to cell biology as much as in other fields such as zoology and botany (Brodsky et al, 2012; Lynch et al, 2014; Lynch & Trickovic, 2020; E. Richardson et al, 2015). The fossil record rarely provides a cell‐level resolution (Donoghue, 2020), and most of what we currently know about cells derives from the study of a handful of extant model organisms. These studies have been fundamental to identifying common cellular processes as well as features unique to domains and kingdoms of the tree of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Richardson et al, 2015). The fossil record rarely provides a cell-level resolution (Donoghue, 2020), and most of what we currently know about cells derives from the study of a handful of extant model organisms. These studies have been fundamental to identifying common cellular processes as well as features unique to domains and kingdoms of the tree of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental approaches to study evolutionary cell biology using yeasts

Natalino

Fumasoni

2023

Yeast

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The past century has witnessed tremendous advances in understanding how cells function. Nevertheless, how cellular processes have evolved is still poorly understood. Many studies have highlighted surprising molecular diversity in how cells from diverse species execute the same processes, and advances in comparative genomics are likely to reveal much more molecular diversity than was believed possible until recently. Extant cells remain therefore the product of an evolutionary history that we vastly ignore. Evolutionary cell biology has emerged as a discipline aiming to address this knowledge gap by combining evolutionary, molecular, and cellular biology thinking. Recent studies have shown how even essential molecular processes, such as DNA replication, can undergo fast adaptive evolution under certain laboratory conditions. These developments open new lines of research

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Fossil cells

Abstract: combine desirable properties (e.g., coated droplets). At the same time, exploration of alternative compartment types probes the chemical limits of life and may well have unexpected relevance to our own biology.

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Diversity and ecology of protists revealed by metabarcoding

Diversity and ecology of protists revealed by metabarcoding

Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication

Experimental approaches to study evolutionary cell biology using yeasts

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