Forward osmosis: an alternative sustainable technology and potential applications in water industry

Nasr, Peter; Sewilam, Hani

doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0927-8

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…16,18,19 Therefore, to enhance their stability in aqueous systems, laminar GO membranes need to be modied by processes such as chemical cross-linking, [20][21][22] partial reduction 23,24 and intercalation. 25 As an emerging membrane technology, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted much attention because of its wonderful advantages over other traditional membrane separation techniques, including low energy consumption, 26 low membrane fouling [27][28][29] and low equipment requirement, and so on. Nevertheless, the application of FO technique still suffers from some problems, especially, internal concentration polarization (ICP), 26 which stems from the bilayer structure of FO membrane, thin selective layer and porous supporting layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 As an emerging membrane technology, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted much attention because of its wonderful advantages over other traditional membrane separation techniques, including low energy consumption, 26 low membrane fouling [27][28][29] and low equipment requirement, and so on. Nevertheless, the application of FO technique still suffers from some problems, especially, internal concentration polarization (ICP), 26 which stems from the bilayer structure of FO membrane, thin selective layer and porous supporting layer. 30 The severe ICP effect during FO process would induce the driving force decrease, further reduce the membrane ux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of freestanding graphene-based laminar membrane for clean-water intake via forward osmosis process

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of freestanding graphene-based laminar membrane for clean-water intake via forward osmosis process

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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“…The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) is defined as the ratio of the explained variance to the total variance. The closer R 2 is to one, the higher is the model's accuracy in predicting responses (25). In this study, R 2 values were 0.94 and 0.97, respectively for chromium removal and water flux.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Chromium removal and water recycling from electroplating wastewater through direct osmosis: Modeling and optimization by response surface methodology

Naghdali

Sahebi

Ghanbari

et al. 2019

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Considering the carcinogenic effects of heavy metals, such as chromium, it is essential to remove these elements from water and wastewater. Direct osmosis is a new membrane technology, which can be a proper alternative to conventional chromium removal processes. Methods: The wastewater samples were collected from an electroplating unit, located in Alborz industrial city, Qazvin, Iran. Magnesium chloride was used as the draw solution, and a semipermeable membrane (Aquaporin) was used in this study. The experiments were designed, using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) with draw solution concentration (0.5- 1.5 M), feed solution concentration (4-12 mg/L), and experiment time (30-90 minutes) as variable factors. The chromium concentration and water flux were also measured, based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry and water flux equation, respectively. Results: Direct osmosis was highly efficient in chromium removal and water recycling. Water flux and chromium removal efficiency were 15.6 LMH and 85.58%, respectively, under optimal conditions (draw solution = 1.27 mol/L, feed solution = 4 mg/L, and experiment time = 90 min). In terms of validity, the results predicted by the quadratic polynomial model were in good agreement with the responses reported in the laboratory. Conclusion: In direct osmosis, the use of magnesium chloride as the draw solution resulted in the acceptable chromium removal from electroplating wastewater. Using this method, chromium concentration in wastewater reduced to a level lower than the discharge standards, established by Iran’s Department of Environment.

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“…Electricity is used to produce freshwater, while on the other hand, an enormous amount of freshwater is actually consumed for cooling purposes in power generation and for the extraction of fossil fuels [4,11]. Therefore, there is a need for more sustainable water production methods that can use other energy sources than electricity [12]. For this, forward osmosis (FO) is a good candidate, as it Despite the obvious advantages of FO, it has some complications that limit the applicability of FO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis: A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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The use of forward osmosis (FO) for water purification purposes has gained extensive attention in recent years. In this review, we first discuss the advantages, challenges and various applications of FO, as well as the challenges in selecting the proper draw solution for FO, after which we focus on transport limitations in FO processes. Despite recent advances in membrane development for FO, there is still room for improvement of its selective layer and support. For many applications spiral wound membrane will not suffice. Furthermore, a defect-free selective layer is a prerequisite for FO membranes to ensure low solute passage, while a support with low internal concentration polarization is necessary for a high water flux. Due to challenges affiliated to interfacial polymerization (IP) on non-planar geometries, we discuss alternative approaches to IP to form the selective layer. We also explain that, when provided with a defect-free selective layer with good rejection, the membrane support has a dominant influence on the performance of an FO membrane, which can be estimated by the structural parameter (S). We emphasize the necessity of finding a new method to determine S, but also that predominantly the thickness of the support is the major parameter that needs to be optimized.

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Forward osmosis: an alternative sustainable technology and potential applications in water industry

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Preparation of freestanding graphene-based laminar membrane for clean-water intake via forward osmosis process

Preparation of freestanding graphene-based laminar membrane for clean-water intake via forward osmosis process

Chromium removal and water recycling from electroplating wastewater through direct osmosis: Modeling and optimization by response surface methodology

Forward Osmosis: A Critical Review

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