Forward model deficits and enhanced motor noise in Tourette syndrome?

Stenner, Max‐Philipp; Ostendorf, Florian; Ganos, Christos

doi:10.1093/brain/awz266

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…We provide evidence that the variability of voluntary movements is elevated in patients with PTD, compared with matched controls, consistent with recent proposals of increased sensorimotor noise in PTD 2 . However, this difference is confined to early stages of skilled motor performance, which may indicate that patients implicitly employ goal‐directed compensation strategies to ensure sufficient movement precision 32 . These findings are concordant with largely unimpaired motor functioning of PTD patients in everyday life, and the meta‐analysis of performance in motor skill tasks 9 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…2 However, this difference is confined to early stages of skilled motor performance, which may indicate that patients implicitly employ goal-directed compensation strategies to ensure sufficient movement precision. 32 These findings are concordant with largely unimpaired motor functioning of PTD patients in everyday life, and the metaanalysis of performance in motor skill tasks. 9 Our experiment used targets that created strong control demands on movement direction but not movement amplitude, or vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…A double‐step reaching task in adults TS patients showed no differences to controls in movement accuracy and variability in the first goal‐directed outward movement 5 . However, by design, that study could not exclude online or trial‐to‐trial movement corrections that may help compensate for noise 32 . It has been proposed that patients with TS use compensatory strategies such as enhanced cognitive control over motor output, 10‐12,34 or by correcting movements based on sensory feedback 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…5 However, by design, that study could not exclude online or trial-to-trial movement corrections that may help compensate for noise. 32 It has been proposed that patients with TS use compensatory strategies such as enhanced cognitive control over motor output, [10][11][12]34 or by correcting movements based on sensory feedback. 32 Our task was designed to remove the possibility of visually guided online corrections and error-based learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 It has been proposed that patients with TS use compensatory strategies such as enhanced cognitive control over motor output, [10][11][12]34 or by correcting movements based on sensory feedback. 32 Our task was designed to remove the possibility of visually guided online corrections and error-based learning. Participants' movement direction and amplitude depended on some combination of an initial motor plan and a visual-proprioceptive feedback loop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Compensation for Noisy Voluntary Movements in Adults with Primary Tic Disorders

Kurvits,

Stenner,

Guo

et al. 2024

Movement Disorders

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BackgroundIt has been proposed that tics and premonitory urges in primary tic disorders (PTD), like Tourette syndrome, are a manifestation of sensorimotor noise. However, patients with tics show no obvious movement imprecision in everyday life. One reason could be that patients have strategies to compensate for noise that disrupts performance (ie, noise that is task‐relevant).ObjectivesOur goal was to unmask effects of elevated sensorimotor noise on the variability of voluntary movements in patients with PTD.MethodsWe tested 30 adult patients with PTD (23 male) and 30 matched controls in a reaching task designed to unmask latent noise. Subjects reached to targets whose shape allowed for variability either in movement direction or extent. This enabled us to decompose variability into task‐relevant versus less task‐relevant components, where the latter should be less affected by compensatory strategies than the former. In alternating blocks, the task‐relevant target dimension switched, allowing us to explore the temporal dynamics with which participants adjusted movement variability to changes in task demands.ResultsBoth groups accurately reached to targets, and adjusted movement precision based on target shape. However, when task‐relevant dimensions of the target changed, patients initially produced movements that were more variable than controls, before regaining precision after several reaches. This effect persisted across repeated changes in the task‐relevant dimension across the experiment, and therefore did not reflect an effect of novelty, or differences in learning.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients with PTD generate noisier voluntary movements compared with controls, but rapidly compensate according to current task demands. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%