Forward and backward spatial recall in Parkinson's disease and matched controls: A 1-year follow-up study

Ramos, Ari Alex; Garvey, Anthony; Cutfield, Nicholas J; Machado, Liana

doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2059372

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These tasks were computerised versions for the Corsi block-tapping tasks, designed to assess spatial short-term memory storage capacity and manipulation, respectively (Ramos et al 2022 ; White et al 2018 ). At the beginning, nine grey boxes (38 × 34 mm) appeared in a fixed arrangement on the screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processing components enable individuals to manipulate the stored information, thus supporting executive functioning (Alloway and Alloway 2010 ; Diamond 2013 ). Both domains have separable systems, although they coordinate functionally, related to verbal versus spatial information (Baddeley 2003 ; Park et al 2002 ; Ramos et al 2020 ; but see Shevlin 2020 ), evidenced by distinct patterns of activation during verbal versus visuospatial tasks as well as different developmental progressions and vulnerabilities to brain deterioration and disease (Donolato et al 2017 ; Kouwenhoven and Machado 2023 ; Ramos et al 2022 ; Ramos and Machado 2021 ). In relation to this, the current research separated out visuospatial and verbal content as well as storage and processing demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assessed affect via the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), as per Stroth et al ( 2009 , 2010 ), and cognitive performance using a computerised battery that included tests (assessing basic visuomotor function, inhibition, and mental flexibility) previously shown to be sensitive to PA in healthy young adults (Cameron et al 2015 ; Guiney et al 2015 ; Shoemaker et al 2020 , 2019 ; Stenling et al 2019 ) and also commonly used tests of spatial and verbal short-term memory storage capacity (Forward Spatial and Forward Digit) and manipulation (Backward Spatial and Backward Digit). The chosen cognitive tests have previously been demonstrated to show sensitivity to both brain disease and individual differences in healthy adults (Barbey et al 2013 ; Brett and Machado 2017 ; Flannery et al 2018 ; Kouwenhoven and Machado 2023 ; Ramos et al 2022 ; Shoemaker et al 2021 ). Sex was included as a covariate based on previous research showing that it can influence effects of exercise on cognitive performance (Lennox et al 2019 ; Ludyga et al 2020 ; Stenling et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic exercise and neuropsychological function in healthy young adults: a randomised controlled trial investigating a running intervention

Alexander,

Machado

2024

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Despite the well-known physical and mental health benefits of regular exercise, many of the world’s population, including healthy young adults, grossly undershoot recommended physical activity levels. Chronic exercise has potential to improve cognitive performance and affect in most age groups. However, there is currently a poverty of relevant research in young adults, especially randomised controlled trials. To address this, the current research investigated the effects of a running intervention on neuropsychological function (cognition and affect) in young adults. We predicted that following a running intervention, neuropsychological performance would improve alongside increases in aerobic fitness. Thirty-two healthy young adult university students were randomised (using a 3:1 ratio) into an intervention or control group, with the intervention group (n = 24) asked to run for 30 min three times a week over a 6-week period and the control group (n = 8) asked to maintain their current level of exercise over a 6-week period. We assessed fitness, cognitive performance, affect and running enjoyment at baseline and follow-up, and runners recorded the environmental conditions of their runs. Repeated measures ANCOVAs failed to find any significant effects of the running intervention on fitness or the neuropsychological measures. Anecdotal evidence supported running environment and enjoyment as potentially relevant factors. The failure to find any fitness improvements, which likely underpins the lack of neuropsychological improvements, highlights the importance of monitoring exercise sessions. Coupled with other insights gained from this trial, this article may prove useful towards future endeavours to develop exercise interventions beneficial to young adults.TRN: ACTRN12621000242820, Date of registration: 08/03/2021.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%