Forward and Backward Aortic Components and Reflection Indexes in Children and Adolescents: Determinants and Role in High Pressure States

Abstract

There were systematic and proportional differences between the data obtained with SphygmoCor and Mobil-O-Graph devices. Heart rate (HR), peripheral pulse pressure, height and weight were the variables that isolated (simple associations) or combined (multiple associations), showed the major capability to explain interindividual differences in Pf, Pb, Pb/Pf and AIx. Arterial stiffness also showed explanatory capacity, being the carotid the artery with the major contribution. HBP associated higher Pf, Pb, AIx and lower Pb/Pf ratio. Those findings were observed together with higher weight, arterial stiffness and HR. After adjusting for anthropometric characteristics, HR, cardiac output and SVR, the HBP group showed greater Pf and Pb. Then, Pf and Pb characteristics associated with HBP would not be explained by anthropometric or hemodynamic factors. Evaluating wave components and reflection parameters could contribute to improve the comprehension and management of HBP states.

Arterial Structural and Functional Characteristics at End of Early Childhood and Beginning of Adulthood: Impact of Body Size Gain during Early, Intermediate, Late and Global Growth

“…The study was carried out in the context of the Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE) Project [13,14,15,16]. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.…”

“…Subjects from two cohorts, one of children ( n = 682) and the other of adolescents ( n = 340) were included (Table 1). The children cohort, defined based on probabilistic, bi-stage and stratified sampling of subjects attending public kindergartens in Montevideo, is part (subsample) of the longitudinal study “Patrón de crecimiento, estadonutricional y calidad de la alimentaciónen la primerainfancia: análisis de suimpactosobre la estructura y función vascular y el riesgo cardiovascular relativoenniñosuruguayos (CUiiDARTE-Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación(ANII), Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (MIDES), United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF) that started in 2010 (first phase) and had in 2016 a second phase [15,16]. In turn, the adolescent cohort (subsample from Montevideo) belongs to a longitudinal (four stages) study called “Estudio Longitudinal del Bienestaren Uruguay” (ELBU) aimed at investigating multidimensional well-being [17] working with a national representative sample of children (and their families) attending in 2004 the first grade of primary public schools in urban areas, which account for 87% of the Uruguayan population.…”

Aortic pressure and forward and backward wave components in children, adolescents and young-adults: Agreement between brachial oscillometry, radial and carotid tonometry data and analysis of factors associated with their differences

“…; 854 females). The subjects´ records are part of CUiiDARTE Database, which includes data from longitudinal (cohort)and cross-sectional studies developed in Uruguay from February 2012until July 2019[10,14–16]. The subjects or their families were selected (random sampling), mainly from their reference health institutions, educational and/or work centres, and were invited to participate through personal interviews.…”

“…Central BP and wave components (Pf and Pb) were assessed (random order) using two commercially available devices: SphygmoCor-CvMS (SCOR; v.9, AtCor-Medical, Australia) and Mobil-O-Graph PWA-monitor system(MOG; I.E.M.-GmbH, Stolberg, Germany) [Fig 1][9,10,11]. Both devices and systems enable doing pulse wave analysis (PWA) and wave separation analysis (WSA)[6,11,12,14].…”

“…Due to the differences in sites of measurement, signals recorded and in the methodological approaches used to assess central hemodynamics, data obtained from different approaches could differ and inter-device agreement would vary, depending on the parameter considered[8,9]. Although these approaches are already used in research involving children and adolescents [10–12], the extent to which they provide similar data on cBP and/or wave-derived parameters is unknown.…”