Forty Years With The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 1944-1984

Anderson, R. B.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60129-4

Cited by 98 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although CH 4 and other hydrocarbons have been synthesized by Fischer-Tropsch-type (FTT) reaction in the gas phase from CO for more than 100 years (Anderson, 1984 ; Steynberg and Dry, 2004 ), these reactions can also proceed under aqueous hydrothermal conditions with CO 2 as the carbon source (Berndt et al , 1996 ; Horita and Berndt, 1999 ; Horita, 2001 ; McCollom and Seewald, 2001 , 2006 , 2007 ; Foustoukos and Seyfried, 2004 ; Seewald et al , 2006 ). Experiments carried out at temperatures lower than 500°C combined with thermodynamically favorable conditions (Shock, 1990 , 1994 ; Shock and Schulte, 1990 , 1998 ; Amend and Shock, 1998 ) confirm that MORs' ultramafic hydrothermal systems may provide conditions that allow for abiogenic generation of CH 4 from CO 2 (Berndt et al , 1996 ; Holm and Andersson, 1998 ; Holm and Charlou, 2001 ; Kelley et al , 2002 ).…”

Section: Abiotic H 2 and Ch 4 mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

et al. 2015

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Both hydrogen and methane are consistently discharged in large quantities in hydrothermal fluids issued from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal fields discovered along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Considering the vast number of these fields discovered or inferred, hydrothermal fluxes represent a significant input of H2 and CH4 to the ocean. Although there are lines of evidence of their abiogenic formation from stable C and H isotope results, laboratory experiments, and thermodynamic data, neither their origin nor the reaction pathways generating these gases have been fully constrained yet. Organic compounds detected in the fluids may also be derived from abiotic reactions. Although thermodynamics are favorable and extensive experimental work has been done on Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions, for instance, nothing is clear yet about their origin and formation mechanism from actual data. Since chemolithotrophic microbial communities commonly colonize hydrothermal vents, biogenic and thermogenic processes are likely to contribute to the production of H2, CH4, and other organic compounds. There seems to be a consensus toward a mixed origin (both sources and processes) that is consistent with the ambiguous nature of the isotopic data. But the question that remains is, to what proportions? More systematic experiments as well as integrated geochemical approaches are needed to disentangle hydrothermal geochemistry. This understanding is of prime importance considering the implications of hydrothermal H2, CH4, and organic compounds for the ocean global budget, global cycles, and the origin of life. Key Words: Hydrogen—Methane—Organics—MAR—Abiotic synthesis—Serpentinization—Ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vents. Astrobiology 15, 381–399.

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Section: Abiotic H 2 and Ch 4 mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

et al. 2015

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“…It shows a drastic reduction of the carbon content to values close to the background signal from the chamber. It can be attributed to the thermally induced formation of hydrocarbons driven by a Fischer–Tropsch-like reaction [ 64 ]. The hydrocarbons are volatile and escape from the FEBID material above 300 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

Santos¹,

Szkudlarek²,

Rydosz³

et al. 2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Non-noble metals, such as Cu and Co, as well as noble metals, such as Au, can be used in a number modern technological applications, which include advanced scanning-probe systems, magnetic memory and storage, ferroelectric tunnel junction memristors, metal interconnects for high performance integrated circuits in microelectronics and nano-optics applications, especially in the areas of plasmonics and metamaterials. Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a maskless direct-write tool capable of defining 3-dimensional metal deposits at nanometre scale for above applications. However, codeposition of organic ligands when using organometallic precursors is a typical problem that limits FEBID of pure metal nanostructures. In this work, we present a comparative study using a post-growth annealing protocol at 100, 200, and 300 °C under high vacuum on deposits obtained from Co2(CO)8, Cu(II)(hfac)2, and Me2Au(acac) to study improvements on composition and electrical conductivity. Although the as-deposited material was similar for all precursors, metal grains embedded in a carbonaceous matrix, the post-growth annealing results differed. Cu-containing deposits showed the formation of pure Cu nanocrystals at the outer surface of the initial deposit for temperatures above 100 °C, due to the migration of Cu atoms from the carbonaceous matrix containing carbon, oxygen, and fluorine atoms. The average size of the Cu crystals doubles between 100 and 300 °C of annealing temperature, while the composition remains constant. In contrast, for Co-containing deposits oxygen release was observed upon annealing, while the carbon content remained approximately constant; the cobalt atoms coalesced to form a metallic film. The as-deposited Au-containing material shows subnanometric grains that coalesce at 100 °C, maintaining the same average size at annealing temperatures up to 300 °C. Raman analysis suggests that the amorphous carbonaceous matrix of the as-written Co, Cu and Au deposits turned into nanocrystalline graphite with comparable crystal sizes of 12–14 nm at 300 °C annealing temperature. However, we observed a more effective formation of graphite clusters in Co- than in Cu- and Au-containing deposits. The graphitisation has a minor influence on the electrical conductivity improvements of Co–C deposits, which is attributed to the high as-deposited Co content and the related metal grain percolation. On the contrary, electrical conductivity improvements by factors of 30 and 12 for, respectively, Cu–C and Au–C deposits with low metal content are mainly attributed to the graphitisation. This relatively simple vacuum-based post-growth annealing protocol may be useful for other precursors as it proved to be efficient in reliably tuning the electrical properties of as-deposited FEBID materials. Finally, a H2-assisted gold purification protocol is demonstrated at temperatures around 300 °C by fully removing the carbon matrix and drastically reducing the electrical resistance of the deposit.

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“…Transition-metal carbene complexes are generally recognized as important, reactive intermediates in organometallic chemistry, in particular in certain catalytic reactions, e.g., alkene metathesis [ 31 , 155 ], alkene polymerization [ 156 ], the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [ 157 , 158 ], and important cyclopropanation reactions [ 159 ]. Carbenes and carbene precursors are known to react with transition-metal complexes to produce alkyl [ 160 ] and alkylidene [ 161 ] complexes, as well as a host of compounds in which the intact precursor molecule is coordinated to the metal center [ 162 , 163 ].…”

Section: Iron-stabilized Carbenes In Organic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

New chemical and stereochemical applications of organoiron complexes

Fatiadi

1991

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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The objective of this review is to provide a current overview of the rapidly developing chemistry of organometallic complexes and particularly organoiron complexes useful in asymmetric and stereoselective reactions. Also covered are stereoselective reactions of α, β-unsaturated acyl ligands bound to the chiral auxiliary [(η5-C5H5) Fe(CO)(PPh3)] and new applications of organoiron complexes in the synthesis of natural products. The mechanistic aspects and stabilizing effects of the Fe(CO)3 group for alkenes or conjugated dienes are discussed. A brief summary of recent work on the special role of iron in biological reactions is also included.

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Forty Years With The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 1944-1984

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

New chemical and stereochemical applications of organoiron complexes

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Forty Years With The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 1944-1984

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)2, Co2(CO)8 and Me2Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

New chemical and stereochemical applications of organoiron complexes

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Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID