Forty Years Trends in Timing of Pubertal Growth Spurt in 157,000 Danish School Children

Aksglæde, Lise; Olsen, Lina W.; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Juul, Anders

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002728

Cited by 166 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Pubertal development in Danish-born girls is late compared to studies from USA [52], but is in accordance with recent studies from Northern Europe [11,55]. Even though a long-standing halt in the secular trend in Denmark has been reported [11,56], recent data suggest earlier pubertal maturation [57,58]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Early Puberty in Internationally Adopted Girls: Hormonal and Clinical Markers of Puberty in 276 Girls Examined Biannually over Two Years

Teilmann¹,

Petersen²,

Gormsen

et al. 2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background and Aims: Retrospectivestudies have indicated that internationally adopted girls are at high risk of developing precocious puberty. Hypothetically, this could be due to selection bias. The aim of this study was to determine age at reaching pubertal milestones in healthy internationally adopted girls in a prospective, clinical study. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study including 276 randomly recruited internationally adopted girls. At baseline, age ranged from 4 to 13 years. Participants were followed with biannual examinations over a period of 2 years. Examinations included height, weight, Tanner staging, blood sampling and bone age assessment. Age distribution at entering pubertal stages B2–B5 (breast development), PH1–PH5 (pubic hair development) and menarche was estimated by probit analysis. Data were compared to a reference population of Danish-born girls, studied cross-sectionally. Results: Mean age at B2+ was 9.5 years (95% prediction interval 7.1–12.0 years) and mean age at menarche was 12.1 (10.2–14.0) years in adopted girls, which was significantly lower compared to the reference group (p < 0.0003). 16% of adopted girls entered stage B2 before 8 years of age. The puberty-related rise in LH, FSH and estradiol was detected at earlier ages in adopted girls compared to the reference group. Conclusion: Internationally adopted girls have a significantly higher risk of precocious pubertal maturation compared to Danish-born girls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Early Puberty in Internationally Adopted Girls: Hormonal and Clinical Markers of Puberty in 276 Girls Examined Biannually over Two Years

Teilmann¹,

Petersen²,

Gormsen

et al. 2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…The fact that hypertensive and normotensive males were of same adult height and the association for heightvelocity was confined to the period between 11 and 13 years strongly suggests that the association may be driven by relatively early onset of puberty. 28 A British study assessing pubertal development at 15 years by medical examination observed a positive association between early onset of puberty and adult blood pressure for males born in the 1950s. 29 The association was also stable with respect to adult body size, and the observed effect size was similar to our study (5 mm Hg for SBP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Growth and Adult Hypertension in a Population of High Birth Weight

et al. 2011

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Abstract-Low birth weight has consistently been associated with increased adult blood pressure. The relative importance of childhood growth is, however, less well established. This study examined sex-specific associations between childhood growth and adult blood pressure in 2120 subjects born from 1921 to 1935 in Reykjavik who were recruited into a longitudinal study in 1967-1991. Size at birth and growth at regular intervals between 8 and 13 years were collected from national archives. Hypertensive males did not differ from normotensive males at birth but were increasingly taller and of higher body mass index between 8 and 13 years. No differences in adult height were observed between hypertensive and normotensive males. For boys, growth-velocity (change in growth per year) for body mass index and height between 8 to 13 years was positively associated (PϽ0.05) with adult blood pressure. The association for body mass index-velocity was fully accounted for by concurrent body size, whereas height-velocity was independent of birth weight and concurrent body size. Males in the highest compared with the lowest tertile in the height-velocity distribution had 66% increased risks of hypertension (95% CI: 15% to 139% increased risks of hypertension) corresponding with 5.0 mm Hg increase (95% CI: 1.5 to 8.5 mm Hg increase) and 3.1 mm Hg increase (95% CI: 1.1 to 5.0 mm Hg increase) in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. Hypertensive females weighed less at birth but did not differ markedly from normotensive girls between 8 and 13 years, and no association was observed for growth-velocity. In conclusion, rapid linear growth between 8 and 13 years predicts elevated adult blood pressure in boys. This association is likely to reflect relatively early onset of puberty among hypertensive males. (Hypertension. 2011;58:8-15.)

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“…Even though studies have shown a downward trend in the ages of physical onset of puberty worldwide (2,8), this trend is more pronounced for initial onset events and less so for age at menarche in girls, a relatively late event and occurring only after substantial hormone stimulation. We estimate the age at hormonal onset of puberty and explore the extent to which weight gain affects the timing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

et al. 2014

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Background: Hormonal indicators could be useful for detecting early pubertal onset, but there is little research on how they are related to puberty in US girls. We determined median age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibin B (InB) and explored the extent to which body composition moderates this timing process. Methods:We analyzed anthropometric and hormone data of 698 US peri-pubertal girls ages 6-11.99 y who had participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), [1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994]. results: Median age of hormonal onset of puberty was 10.43 y by LH and 10.08 y by InB cut-offs (1.04 mIU/ml for LH and 17.89 pg/ml for InB). Postnatal weight gain modulated onset, making it earlier by 10-11 mo among the highest (greater than +1 SD) relative to normal weight gainers. Onset occurred first in nonHispanic black (NHB) girls, 10.08 y (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.07-10.09), followed by Mexican-American (MXAM) at 10.64 y (95% CI: 10.63-10.65), and at 10.66 y (95% CI: 10.66-10.67) for non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls using LH. With InB, onset occurred first in MXAM girls at 9.9 y, and at 10.3 y and 10.4 y for their NHB and NHW peers, respectively. conclusion: Preadolescent weight gain lowers the age at hormonal onset as defined by LH concentrations. Preventing obesity in childhood may also avert the earlier initiation of the maturation process even at the hormonal level. a lthough breast bud palpation has been recommended for assessing puberty in epidemiologic studies (1,2), it is often not feasible in nonclinical settings due to privacy concerns and can be inaccurate in overweight girls. As a result, menarche is frequently used as the only marker of puberty. Although the timing of puberty is influenced by several factors including genetics, nutrition, adiposity, ethnicity, and environmental pollutants (3,4) as well as size at birth (5,6), it also has a strong and obligatory endocrine component. Puberty is triggered by reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn induce gonadal maturation (7), including inhibin B (InB) secretion by the ovaries. The elevation of LH circulating levels during puberty are of much greater magnitude than the rise of FSH. The changes of InB, an index of ovarian response to gonadotropin, particularly FSH stimulation, have not been well studied. Hence, the changes of both of these hormones can be markers of onset of pubertal hormonal secretion.While hormonal indicators of onset of puberty would be useful for early detection as recommended by an expert panel in 2008 (1,2), there is little research on how pubertal hormones are related with pubertal timing in US children. The availability of nationally representative hormone data (LH, InB), although not a comprehensive set of indicators, for a peri-pubertal sample of US girls provides an opportunity to elu...

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Forty Years Trends in Timing of Pubertal Growth Spurt in 157,000 Danish School Children

Cited by 166 publications

References 43 publications

Early Puberty in Internationally Adopted Girls: Hormonal and Clinical Markers of Puberty in 276 Girls Examined Biannually over Two Years

Early Puberty in Internationally Adopted Girls: Hormonal and Clinical Markers of Puberty in 276 Girls Examined Biannually over Two Years

Childhood Growth and Adult Hypertension in a Population of High Birth Weight

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

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