Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?

Hoof, van J Joost

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00516.x

Cited by 551 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As a conscious indicator of thermal balance, thermal comfort is defined as that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the surrounding thermal environment, and it is currently considered as the result of the interaction between physical, physiological and psychological factors (48,111,156,233,295). The physical factors refer to the characteristics of the environment to which individuals are exposed (e.g.…”

Section: Behavioral Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, thermal sensation, affective judgments (i.e. how a person would like to feel) and personal experiences, play a fundamental role in defining thermal preference (32)(33)(34)156). The combination of such complex and dynamic psychophysiological factors produces continuous variations in individuals' satisfaction with their thermal environments, and therefore a variety of personal judgments about what is/is not perceived as thermally comfortable (6,32,33).…”

Section: Behavioral Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

105

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Undoubtedly, adjusting our thermoregulatory behavior represents the most effective mechanism to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure survival in the diverse thermal environments that we face on this planet. Remarkably, our thermal behavior is entirely dependent on the ability to detect variations in our internal (i.e. body) and external environment, via sensing changes in skin temperature and wetness. In the past 30 years, we have seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the molecular, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow humans to sense temperature and humidity. The discovery of temperature-activated ion channels which gate the generation of action potentials in thermosensitive neurons, along with the characterization of the spino-thalamo-cortical thermosensory pathway, and the development of neural models for the perception of skin wetness, are only some of the recent advances which have provided incredible insights on how biophysical changes in skin temperature and wetness are transduced into those neural signals which constitute the physiological substrate of skin thermal and wetness sensations. Understanding how afferent thermal inputs are integrated and how these contribute to behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses under normal brain function is critical to determine how these mechanisms are disrupted in those neurological conditions which see the concurrent presence of afferent thermosensory abnormalities and efferent thermoregulatory dysfunctions. Furthermore, advancing the knowledge on skin thermal and wetness sensations is crucial to support the development of neuro-prosthetics. In light of the above, this review will focus on the peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning skin thermal and wetness sensations in humans.

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Section: Behavioral Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

105

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“…39 The 1960s saw the advent of computer simulations to predict thermal load and performance of buildings 40 as well as the seminal work of Povl Ole Fanger for the development of a standard thermal comfort model. 41 The oil crisis in 1973 created a strong focus on building energy efficiency, taking into account air tightness, super-insulation [in the old sense of the definition as "extra thick insulation layers", the modern one referring to insulation materials with thermal conductivity values below 0.02 W/(m K)], heat recovery ventilation, triple glazing, and passive solar technologies. The concept of a zero-energy house was explored by many prominent projects such as the "Phillips Experimental House" (1975), the DTH zero-energy house (1975), the "Lo-Cal House" (1976), and the "Leger House" (1977).…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of the Building Envelopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the seminal work by Fanger in the 1960s, 41 thermal comfort models have been developed and used to quantify the satisfaction the building occupants with the interior environment conditions. These models are not only used to set the relevant building envelope parameters, such as insulation, acceptable window sizes, draft, etc., in the design phase of a building, but Reinforced concrete (insulating) brick Concrete frame CLT + insulation also operational parameters of building HVAC systems during operation to achieve a high thermal comfort inside.…”

Section: Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Koebel

Wernery

Malfait

2017

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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Buildings account for ∼40% of global energy demands, and the increased adoption of innovative solutions for buildings represents an enormous potential to reduce energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we critically review the current and future materials and solutions for the construction sector. We describe how policy affects innovative businesses and the adoption of new products and solutions. We investigate how the building envelope and user behavior determine building energy demands. Compared to conventional solutions, superinsulation materials (vacuum insulation panels, silica aerogel) can achieve the same thermal performance with drastically thinner insulation. With low-emissivity coatings and appropriate filler gasses, double and triple glazing reduces thermal losses by an order of magnitude. Vacuum and aerogel glazing reduce these even further. Switchable glazing solutions maximize solar gains during wintertime and minimize illumination demands whilst avoiding overheating in summer. Upon integration of renewable energy systems, buildings become both producers and consumers of energy. Combined with the dynamic user behavior, temporal variations in energy production require thermal and electrical storage and the integration of buildings into smart grids and energy district networks. The combination of these measures can reduce the energy consumption of the building's stock by a factor of three.

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“…Correct temperature distribution measurements could be calculated by remote camera control and thermo graphic parameter correction (Revel & Sabatini, 2010). Thermal comfort for all can only be achieved when occupants have effective control over their own thermal environment (van Hoof, 2008). This led to the development of individually controlled systems with different local heating/cooling options (Filippini, 2009;Watanabe, Melikov, & Knudsen, 2010).…”

Section: Human Comfort and Comfort Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupants’ behavioural impact on energy consumption: ‘human-in-the-loop’ comfort process control

Zeiler

Vissers

Maaijen

et al. 2013

Architectural Engineering and Design Management

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Optimizing comfort for occupants and its related energy use is becoming more important. Presently, however, heating ventilation air-conditioning (HVAC) system installations often do not work in practice effectively and efficiently as the behaviour of the occupants is not included. The results are comfort complaints as well as unnecessary high-energy consumption. As the end-user influence becomes even more important within the energy process of sustainable buildings, it is necessary to integrate the occupants in the buildings' performance control loop. Laboratory experiments were performed to look for a correlation between infrared (IR) sensor temperature registrations and individual perceived thermal comfort in an individually conditioned workplace. It proved that it is in principle possible to use the third finger skin temperature as a control parameter for perceived thermal comfort. In another experiment in a real in-use office building, a wireless sensor network was applied to describe user behaviour on room and floor level. The results showed that it is possible to capture individual user behaviour and to use this to further optimize comfort in relation to energy consumption. Based on our experiments, we could determine the influence of occupants' behaviour on energy use and determine possible energy reduction by implementing the human-in-the-loop process control strategy.

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Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?

Cited by 551 publications

References 51 publications

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Occupants’ behavioural impact on energy consumption: ‘human-in-the-loop’ comfort process control

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