“…This may be due to competition for water molecules between starch, proteins, and fiber and the hydration levels of the constituents, which in turn can affect the strength of the gluten network. 21,22 In a study by Chauhan et al (2017), 22 supplementation of semolina with white button mushrooms resulted in a decrease in hardness. Similarly, in studies by Chauhan et al (2017) 22 and Nordiana et al (2019), 24 pasta fortification with 5%, 10%, and 15% oyster mushrooms resulted in a 4-11% decrease in pasta hardness and a 50-76% increase in pasta elasticity.…”