FORTE – a multipurpose high-vacuum diffractometer for tender X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy at the SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL

Abstract

A new high‐vacuum multipurpose diffractometer (called FORTE from the French acronyms of the project) has recently been installed at the tender/hard X‐ray SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL, France. The geometry chosen allows one to work either in the classical Eulerian four‐circle geometry for bulk X‐ray diffraction (XRD) or in the z‐axis geometry for surface XRD. The diffractometer nicely fits the characteristics of the SIRIUS beamline, optimized to work in the 1.1–4.5 keV range, and allows one to perform unprecedented diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) experiments in the tender X‐ray region, also around non‐specular reflections, covering a large reciprocal‐space volume. Installation of an X‐ray fluorescence detector on a dedicated flange allows simultaneous DAFS and X‐ray absorption (XAS) measurements. The access to the tender X‐ray region paves the way to resonant investigations around the L‐edges of second‐row transition elements which are constituents of functional oxide materials. It also enables access to several edges of interest for semiconductors. Finally, the control architecture based on synchronized Delta Tau units opens up exciting perspectives for improvement of the mechanical sphere of confusion.

Transition Metal Dichalcogenide TiS2 Prepared by Hybrid Atomic Layer Deposition/Molecular Layer Deposition: Atomic-Level Insights with In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Studies and Molecular Surface Chemistry

“…XANES at the Ti K-edge was carried out after transferring the samples inside a SIRIUS high-vacuum (HV) diffractometer by means of a glovebox . XANES spectra were recorded by scanning the incoming energy step by step and measuring the sample fluorescence with the four-element silicon drift detector (SDD).…”

Opportunities and new developments for the study of surfaces and interfaces in soft condensed matter at the SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL

“…The beamline is equipped with two diffractometers: a large seven-circle diffractometer manufactured by Micro-contro ˆle/ Newport (Evry, France) located at a distance of 35 m from the source (Fontaine et al, 2014;Ciatto et al, 2016), and a second four-circle in-vacuum diffractometer manufactured by Symetrie (Nı ˆmes, France) located 39 m from the source (Ciatto et al, 2019). The latter can be removed from the hutch and replaced with an optical table, as described in Section 3.2.…”

“…In the following, we describe only the double-crystal monochromator (DCM), the optical elements and the various endstations that are relevant to the study of soft matter systems in the energy range of $ 6-13 keV with linear polarization. Readers interested in the use of tender X-rays (between 1.1 and 5 keV), variable polarization, the multilayer grating monochromator (MGM) and the absorption spectroscopy capabilities of the SIRIUS beamline and associated optical elements, or in the in-vacuum diffractometer endstation, are referred to previous published papers on the subject (Ciatto et al, 2016(Ciatto et al, , 2019.…”

“…We will only list here the detectors available on the multipurpose diffractometer. Other detectors are available on the beamline but specialized for use in the in-vacuum diffractometer (Ciatto et al, 2019). A Pilatus3 1M (Dectris, Switzerland) is used in most applications requiring a 2D detector and for GIXD in combination with a Soller collimator (see Section 3.4).…”

Unravelling the Local Crystallographic Structure of Ferromagnetic Ga$_y$Fe$_{4-y}$N Nanocrystals Embedded in GaN

“…The setup exploits a double crystal monochromator equipped with Si(111) crystals to scan the energy of the incident photons. In order to reject high-order harmonics and to focus the beam, Pt-coated mirrors are employed, and a high vacuum diffractome-ter [33] serves as end-station. The diffraction signal and fluorescence background are collected by using a high vacuum PILATUS3 100K-M two-dimensional detector provided by Dectris.…”