FORT and FORD: two simple and rapid assays in the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pavlatou, M.; Papastamataki, Maria; Apostolakou, Filia; Papassotiriou, Ioannis; Tentolouris, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.022

Cited by 64 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Oxidative stress is a condition where the increased formation of free radicals overwhelms the available antioxidant capacity [1] and is involved in many human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and neurological disease as well as in aging [1], [2]. Oxidative stress is also a widely accepted participant in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative stress is also a widely accepted participant in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications [2], [3]. Indeed, disruption of the physiological free radicals homeostasis has been implicated in the impairment of beta-cell function [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid peroxidation (an indicator of oxidative stress) and the antioxidant defence were investigated by means of rapid point-of-care systems [2], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Affected by a Single Bout of Prolonged Exercise?

et al. 2014

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Presently, no clear-cut guidelines are available to suggest the more appropriate physical activity for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus due to paucity of experimental data obtained under patients' usual life conditions. Accordingly, we explored the oxidative stress levels associated with a prolonged moderate intensity, but fatiguing, exercise performed under usual therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and matched healthy controls. Eight patients (4 men, 4 women; 49±11 years; Body Mass Index 25.0±3.2 kg·m− 2; HbA1c 57±10 mmol·mol−1) and 14 controls (8 men, 6 women; 47±11 years; Body Mass Index 24.3±3.3 kg·m− 2) performed a 3-h walk at 30% of their heart rate reserve. Venous blood samples were obtained before and at the end of the exercise for clinical chemistry analysis and antioxidant capacity. Capillary blood samples were taken at the start and thereafter every 30 min to determine lipid peroxidation. Patients showed higher oxidative stress values as compared to controls (95.9±9.7 vs. 74.1±12.2 mg·L−1 H2O2; p<0.001). In both groups, oxidative stress remained constant throughout the exercise (p = NS), while oxidative defence increased significantly at the end of exercise (p<0.02) from 1.16±0.13 to 1.19±0.10 mmol·L−1 Trolox in patients and from 1.09±0.21 to 1.22±0.14 mmol·L−1 Trolox in controls, without any significant difference between the two groups. Oxidative stress was positively correlated to HbA1c (p<0.005) and negatively related with uric acid (p<0.005). In conclusion, we were the first to evaluate the oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes exercising under their usual life conditions (i.e. usual therapy and diet). Specifically, we found that the oxidative stress was not exacerbated due to a single bout of prolonged moderate intensity aerobic exercise, a condition simulating several outdoor leisure time physical activities. Oxidative defence increased in both patients and controls, suggesting beneficial effects of prolonged aerobic fatiguing exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Affected by a Single Bout of Prolonged Exercise?

et al. 2014

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“…Freshly collected heparinized whole blood was used for the assessment of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense capacity: the 'point-of-care' free oxygen radicals test (FORT) and the free oxygen radicals defense test (FORD; FORM  , CR 2000, Parma, Callegari, Italy). 8 Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel (2010 edition) and SPSS (version 20). Data was expressed as median; interquartile range as was not normally distributed and non-parametric tests were used for significance testing; significance was taken at the five percent level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential identification of a claudicant group vulnerable to acute kidney injury

et al. 2016

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This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between renal injury, endothelial function and oxidative stress in claudicants undergoing maximal treadmill exercise. Twenty patients with claudication were identified in whom the urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG)/creatinine ratio, plasma oxidative state and endothelial function were tested pre- and post-maximal treadmill walking exercise. Of the 20 participants in this study, the urinary NAG/creatinine (Cr) rose from a pre-exercise level of 8.9, 6.7 to 14.3 (μmol/L/mmol Cr; median, IQR) to 12.9, 9.1 to 17.7 post exercise (p = 0.0003, Mann Whitney U test). Of the 20 participants, eight participants had a rise of the NAG/Cr ratio post exercise whereas 12 did not. Participants with a rise in the NAG/Cr ratio post exercise had a greater ability to increase endothelial reactivity (%; median, IQR; 2.56, 0.1 to 3.7) cf. (0.1, -4.8 to 0.9, p = 0.03); they also walked further (metres; median, IQR; 415, 208 to 908) cf. (170, 100 to 315, p = 0.04), had a lower pre-exercise H2O2 (median, IQR; 1.9, 1.4 to 2.3 cf. 2.7, 2.1 to 3.3; p = 0.04) and a greater rise in H2O2 post exercise (18.8, -1.5 to 129.7 cf., -7.7, -13.9 to -2.0, p = 0.04). The mechanism by which the phenotypically distinct sub-group of patients with intermittent claudication who experience a NAG/Cr rise involves complex interactions between systemic oxidative stress and endothelial function. Implications on cardiovascular risk in this group requires further investigation.

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“…FORD test allows the determination of free oxygen radical defense. Briefly, this test uses preformed stable and colored radicals and determines the decrease in absorbance that is proportional to the blood antioxidant concentration of the sample according to Lambert Beer's law [38]. In the presence of an acidic buffer (pH = 5.2) and a suitable oxidant (FeCl 3 ) the chromogen, which contains 4-Amino-N,N-diethylaniline sulfate forms a stable and colored radical cation photometrically detectable at 505 nm.…”

Section: Free Oxygen Radicals Defense (Ford) and Free Oxygen Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum BDNF and NGF Modulation by Olive Polyphenols in Alcoholics during Withdrawal

Carito¹

2015

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Many studies have suggested possible relationships between the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) and alcohol addiction. Previous reports demonstrated severe changes in these neurotrophins in the serum of alcohol dependent patients and during withdrawal. Alcohol dependence syndromes during consumption and/or withdrawal are also characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Polyphenols, including olive polyphenols, are natural compounds known to possess marked antioxidant properties. Thus, this study was carried out in order to verify the effects of a blend of olive polyphenols supplementation containing mostly hydroxytyrosol (50 mg/day for 15 consecutive days) in alcoholic men during withdrawal on serum BDNF and NGF. As controls a group of alcohol dependent patients received sucrose tablets as placebo. BDNF and NGF were measured by ELISA on day 1, 3, 7 and 15 of the detoxification period. Some parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed too as free oxygen radicals defense (FORD) and free oxygen radicals test (FORT). No differences in oxidative status due to polyphenols were found. However, withdrawal elicited a mild increase in BDNF over two weeks that was counteracted on day 3 by polyphenols. As for NGF no effects of polyphenols supplementation were discovered to antagonize the expected NGF serum elevation during withdrawal. In conclusion the present data may indicate that monitoring serum BDNF and/or NGF in alcoholics undergoing detoxification could contribute to characterize alcohol dependence profiles to improve recovery processes throughout also antioxidant compounds.

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FORT and FORD: two simple and rapid assays in the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Affected by a Single Bout of Prolonged Exercise?

Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Affected by a Single Bout of Prolonged Exercise?

Potential identification of a claudicant group vulnerable to acute kidney injury

Serum BDNF and NGF Modulation by Olive Polyphenols in Alcoholics during Withdrawal

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