Formulation, optimization, and evaluation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems of nevirapine

Abstract

Background:The aim of the present study was to formulate and optimize the self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of nevirapine (NVP) by use of 22 factorial designs to enhance the oral absorption of NVP by improving its solubility, dissolution rate, and diffusion profile. SEDDS are the isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and drug that form oil in water microemulsion when introduced into the aqueous phase under gentle agitation.Materials and Methods:Solubility of NVP in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined for the screening of excipients. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by the aqueous titration method, and formulations were developed based on the optimum excipient combinations with the help of data obtained through the maximum micro emulsion region containing combinations of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. The formulations of SEDDS were optimized by 22 factorial designs.Results:The optimum formulation of SEDDS contains 32.5% oleic acid, 44.16% tween 20, and 11.9% polyethylene glycol 600 as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant respectively. The SEDDS was evaluated for the following drug content, self-emulsification time, rheological properties, zeta potential, in vitro diffusion studies, thermodynamic stability studies, and in vitro dissolution studies. An increase in dissolution was achieved by SEDDS compared to pure form of NVP.Conclusion:Overall, this study suggests that the dissolution and oral bioavailability of NVP could be improved by SEDDS technology.

Optimization and Evaluation of Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioavailability of Plumbagin

“…One mL of each formulation was added to 900 mL of distilled water by continuous stirring (50 rpm) using USP dissolution test apparatus II at 37 ± 0.5 °C. The time required to dissipate the system completely and evenly was determined, and the self-emulsification time was recorded in seconds 37 . The formed nanoemulsion was visually observed for any turbidity by reconstituting P-L-SNEDDS with distilled water by dilution in the ratio of 1 : 50, 1 : 100, 1 : 250, and 1 : 1000.…”

Quality by Design Based Development of Etravirine Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System

“…The resultant solution absorbance was measured at 310 nm by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV 1800, Shimadzu). The drug content measurements were carried out in triplicates [18].…”

Development of Topical/Transdermal Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems, Not as Simple as Expected

“…Hence, during the formulation of topical/transdermal SEDDSs, the physical, chemical, as well as biological properties of all drug(s) and excipients incorporated in formulations must be subjected to compatibility studies. Infrared (IR) is often employed during compatibility experiments, as it is related to the study of covalent bond formation, and detailed information is obtained about the molecular structure, either between drug(s) and excipients or excipients and excipients [80]. Contrarily, isothermal micro-calorimetry experiments can also be conducted for the purpose of confirming the compatibility of drug(s) utilised in combination with different excipients [81].…”