Formulation Optimization and Characterization of Ganciclovir Loaded Dry Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this work was to formulate, optimize, and characterize ganciclovir (GCV) loaded dry chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). Methods:The GCV loaded CSNPs was prepared by ionic gelation method. Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the influence of independent process and formulation variables like drug to polymer ratio, concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate, and stirring time (min) on the dependent variables such as particle size (PS) and drug encapsulation efficiency (% EE). The optimum conditions were determined by regression analysis of the output data. Results:The independent variables had interactive effects and they affected both the responses. The optimum formulation had PS within the range of 100-120 nm and % EE between 85% and 86%. The prepared GCV loaded CSNPs were dried by fluidized bed drying method. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed there was no physicochemical interaction between GCV and CS. Powder X-ray diffraction study showed less intense crystalline peaks indicated that GCV may exist in the formulation as amorphous nanodispersion or molecular dispersion form. Differential scanning calorimetry study was performed which indicated that the drug was molecularly dispersed inside the matrix of CS. Higuchi model was the best to fit the in vitro release data for the GCV loaded CSNPs. Conclusion:From the results, it can be concluded that the GCV loaded dry CSNPs were formulated, optimized, and characterized using desired pharmacotechnical properties.

Preparation a core‐shell lipid/polymer nanoparticle containing Isotretinoin drug with pH sensitive property: A response surface methodology study

“…Under these conditions, the absorption of water inside the CS polymer network leads to swelling, and therefore the particle sizes will be larger than the actual value. These differences were also reported by Patel et al 58 …”

“…Under these conditions, the absorption of water inside the CS polymer network leads to swelling, and therefore the particle sizes will be larger than the actual value. These differences were also reported by Patel et al 58 Furthermore, stability analysis results for lipid-coated nanoparticles showed a size enhancement about 4% by changing the size of nanoparticles from 301 to 314 nm after 1 month. However, zeta potential was changed to −34.1 mV after 1 month.…”

Formulation and Characterization of Hesperidin-Loaded Transethosomal Gel for Dermal Delivery to Enhance Antibacterial Activity: Comprehension of In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Dermatokinetic Analysis

“…The dispersion of prepared transethosome (100 µL) was diluted to a volume of 2 mL using Milli-Q water. The diluted sample was then transferred into disposable polystyrene cuvettes and subsequently inserted into the Zeta sizer and measured [46].…”

Optimization of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Nanoparticles Formula and Its Release Kinetics Evaluation

“…Entrapment efficiency was determined by determining levels of free diltiazem HCl in the supernatant using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the maximum wavelength (236 nm) [16]. The calculation of entrapment efficiency using the following equation 1.…”