Formulation optimization and characterization of carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions: In vitro antibacterial activity/mechanism and safety evaluation

Liu, Qi; Wang, Zixuan; Mukhamadiev, Abdughaffor; Feng, Jianguo; Gao, Yuan; Zhuansun, Xiangxun; Han, Rui; Chong, Yang; Jafari, Seid Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114816

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The inclusion of CS in the carvacrol microemulsion enhanced its antimicrobial activity, with MIC values at 125 µg/mL for both strains (see Figure S6). Even though these values agree with earlier studies [28,42], the explanation provided in these references does not fit our case. According to the reported explanation, the reason for nanoemulsions' higher effectiveness as compared to the relevant effectiveness of microemulsions is that they can deliver larger amounts of antimicrobial agents to bacterial cells due to smaller droplet size and higher surface area [43].…”

Section: Miccontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Notably, the control groups showed no inhibition zones, affirming the antibacterial potential of the carvacrol microemulsions and nanoemulsion (see Figure S6). These findings indicate that carvacrol, particularly in nanoemulsion form, could be a potent candidate for antibacterial applications due to its increased surface area, improved solubility and stability, enhanced penetration into microbial cells, and the ability for targeted delivery of the antimicrobial agent [28]. S1).…”

Section: Well Diffusion Zonementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Four types of antimicrobial agents were evaluated: MC, MCC, NC, and FC. These agents were tested at multiple concentrations, including 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, and 15.625 µg/mL [28]. Utilizing the Macro dilution method, serial decimal dilutions of the microbial cultures were conducted, and the agents were added at each of these concentrations for evaluation.…”

Section: Minimum Inhibition Concentration (Mic) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carvacrol Microemulsion vs. Nanoemulsion as Novel Pork Minced Meat Active Coatings

Zaharioudakis,

Kollia,

Leontiou

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Carvacrol is well documented for its antibacterial and antioxidant effects. However, its high volatility has directed researchers toward nanoencapsulation technology according to bioeconomy and sustainability trends. This study examined and compared free carvacrol (FC), carvacrol microemulsion (MC), carvacrol microemulsion busted with chitosan (MMC), and carvacrol nanoemulsions (NC) as active coatings on extending minced pork meat shelf life at 4 ± 1 °C for 9 days, focusing on microbiological, physiochemical, and sensory characteristics. The research involved pre-characterizing droplet sizes, evaluating antioxidants, and determining antibacterial efficacy. The results demonstrated that NC with a 21 nm droplet size exhibited the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. All coatings succeeded in extending the preservation of fresh minced pork meat in comparison to the free carvacrol sample (FC). The NC coating showed the highest extension of minced pork meat preservation and maintained meat freshness for 9 days, with a lower TBARs of 0.736 mg MDA/Kg, and effectively reduced mesophilic, lactic acid, and psychotrophic bacterial counts more significantly by 1.2, 2, and 1.3 log, respectively, as compared to FC. Sensory assessments confirmed the acceptability of NC and MCC coatings. Overall, the carvacrol-based nanoemulsion can be considered a novel antioxidant and antimicrobial active coating due to its demonstrated higher efficacy in all the examined tests performed.

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Section: Miccontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Well Diffusion Zonementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Minimum Inhibition Concentration (Mic) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carvacrol Microemulsion vs. Nanoemulsion as Novel Pork Minced Meat Active Coatings

Zaharioudakis,

Kollia,

Leontiou

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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“…There have been extensive studies applying nanotechnology to encapsulate actives in biodegradable biopolymers; e.g., Mutlu [2] prepared nanoemulsion loaded with grapefruit essential oils, which were incorporated into gelatin/sodium alginate-based films and significantly improved the physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the films. Liu et al [23] prepared nanoemulsion loaded with carvacrol by a high-energy shear method, which solved the volatility and instability of carvacrol during use and made its antimicrobial effect more effective and long-lasting. And there are often other issues that need to be addressed when making nanoemulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Optimization, and Characterization of Bovine Bone Gelatin/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoemulsion Containing Thymol

Liu,

Shen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Foods

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The aim of this study is to produce a biodegradable food packaging material that reduces environmental pollution and protects food safety. The effects of total solids content, substrate ratio, polyphenol content, and magnetic stirring time on bovine bone gelatin/sodium carboxymethylcellulose nanoemulsion (BBG/SCMC–NE) were investigated using particle size, PDI, turbidity, rheological properties, and zeta potential as evaluation indexes. The micro, structural, antioxidant, encapsulation, and release properties were characterized after deriving its optimal preparation process. The results showed that the nanoemulsion was optimally prepared with a total solids content of 2%, a substrate ratio of 9:1, a polyphenol content of 0.2%, and a magnetic stirring time of 60 min. SEM showed that the nanoemulsion showed a dense and uniform reticulated structure. FTIR and XRD results showed that covalent cross-linking of proteins and polysaccharides altered the structure of gelatin molecular chains to a more compact form but did not change its semi-crystalline structure. DSC showed that the 9:1 BBG/SCMC–NE had a higher thermal denaturation temperature and greater thermal stability, and its DPPH scavenging rate could reach 79.25% and encapsulation rate up to 90.88%, with excellent slow-release performance. The results of the study provide basic guidance for the preparation of stable active food packaging with excellent properties.

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“…2 antimicrobials [25][26][27][28], trypanocidal, leishmanicidal [23], antiplasmodial [17], antivirals [29], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive, among other [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Duguetia vallicola (Annonaceae) against in-Hospital Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Contreras-Martínez,

Sierra-Quiroz,

Angulo-Ortíz

2024

Preprint

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, especially dominant in people with cystic fibrosis; the drug resistance expressed by this pathogen and its capacity for adaptation generate a great challenge for its treatment and control, increasing morbidity and mortality rates globally. In this sense, the search for new treatment alternatives is imminent today, with products of plant origin being an excellent alternative to be used. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential and to explore the possible effect of ethanolic extracts of wood and bark of Duguetia vallicola on the cell membrane. Microdilution assays showed inhibition of bacterial growth by more than 50%, with the lowest concentration evaluated (62.5μg/mL) of both extracts. Furthermore, we report the ability of both extracts to inhibit mature biofilms, with inhibition percentages between 48.4% and 93.7%. Intracellular material leakage experiments (260/280 nm), extracellular pH measurement, and fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) showed cell membrane damage. This indicates that the anti-bacterial action of ethanolic extracts of D. vallicola is associated with damage to the integrity of the cell membrane and consequent death of these pathogens. These results serve as a reference for future studies in establishing the mechanisms of action of these extracts.

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Formulation optimization and characterization of carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions: In vitro antibacterial activity/mechanism and safety evaluation

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

Carvacrol Microemulsion vs. Nanoemulsion as Novel Pork Minced Meat Active Coatings

Carvacrol Microemulsion vs. Nanoemulsion as Novel Pork Minced Meat Active Coatings

Preparation, Optimization, and Characterization of Bovine Bone Gelatin/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoemulsion Containing Thymol

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Duguetia vallicola (Annonaceae) against in-Hospital Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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