Formulation of wax oxybenzone microparticles using a factorial approach

Abstract

Oxybenzone wax microparticles (MPs) were prepared by the hydrophobic congealable disperse phase method. The formulation of oxybenzone-loaded MPs was optimized using a 2⁴ experimental design. Factorial analysis indicated that the main MP characteristics were influenced by initial drug loading, emulsification speed, emulsifier concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. MPs were spherical with 50.5–88.1 μm size range, 17.8–38.9 drug content in mg/100 mg MPs and 33.1–87.2% oxybenzone release in 1 h. A wide range of sunscreen delivery systems suitable for different formulation purposes were generated which may contribute to the advanced formulation of sunscreen products with improved performance.

Sustained release biodegradable solid lipid microparticles: Formulation, evaluation and statistical optimization by response surface methodology

“…CW and GMS SLMs can make drug release sustained and enhance drug bioavailability (2-3). SLMs offer effective drug release control for a prolonged time period, causing a significant decrease in the number of doses and associated side effects, particularly in patients with chronic diseases (5). Definitely, such chronic diseases like hypertension demand a sustained/controlled release drug delivery of a therapeutic agent to obtain better heart rate control and utilization of SLMs is found to be one of the most promising strategies among numerous available strategies for raising therapeutic compliance (3).…”

“…SLMs exhibit enhanced physical stability, safety, biocompatibility; they improve drug aqueous solubility and provide higher plasma drug availability with improved membrane permeability (4)(5). Moreover, they are characterized by dual loading ability (i.e.…”

“…Low NEB oral bioavailability is a consequence of its poor solubility (6,16). Hence, it demands improvement of solubility, dissolution and bioavailability (3) and the use of SLMs in this situation seems to be a better strategy compared to polymeric particles because SLMs can overcome the drawbacks like inefficient biodegradation, polymer accumulation effects and toxicity associated with polymeric microparticles (5).…”

“…Oral sustained release formulations have been gaining ample consideration over the last three decades because of their significant therapeutic benefits such as flexibility in formulation, ease of administration and particularly enhanced patient compliance. Microspheres, particularly based on natural biodegradable lipids (solid lipid microparticles) have attracted significant attention for offering sustained drug delivery (3)(4)(5).…”

“…lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs) and are suitable and economical for large scale production (2). SLMs can prolong residence time at the absorption site (2) and can be formulated from solid lipids such as carnauba wax (CW) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) because they exhibit excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability (4), lack of toxicity and ease of production (4)(5)(6). CW and GMS SLMs can make drug release sustained and enhance drug bioavailability (2-3).…”