Formulation of South African entomopathogenic nematodes using alginate beads and diatomaceous earth

Kagimu, Nicholas; Malan, Antoinette P.

doi:10.1007/s10526-019-09945-1

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…jeffreyense and S . yirgalemense [ 19 , 20 , 41 ] while research on the formulation, packaging and storage of these species is still ongoing [ 42 – 44 ]. In vivo -cultured IJs can provide affordable, high-quality nematodes that are easy to culture, but only on a small scale [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of in vivo- and in vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infect Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

2021

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully applied as biological control agents against above ground and soil stages of insect pests. However, for commercial application, it is crucial to mass culture these nematodes using in vitro liquid culture technology, as it is not attainable when using susceptible insects as hosts. Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is regarded a sporadic pest of wine grapes in South Africa. The in vivo- and in vitro-cultured South African EPNs, Steinernema yirgalemense and Steinernema jeffreyense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), were evaluated against larvae and pupae of L. vanillana in laboratory bioassays. For larvae, high mortality was observed for all treatments: In vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense (98%) performed better than S. jeffreyense (73%), while within in vivo cultures, there was no difference between nematode species (both 83%). No significant difference was detected between in vivo- and in vitro cultures of the same nematode species. The LD50 of the in vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense, was 7.33 nematodes per larva. Mortality by infection was established by dissecting L. vanillana cadavers and confirming the presence of nematodes, which was > 90% for all treatments. Within in vitro cultures, both S. yirgalemense and S. jeffreyense were able to produce a new cohort of infective juveniles from L. vanillana larvae. Pupae, however, were found to be considerably less susceptible to EPN infection. This is the first study on the use of EPNs to control L. vanillana. The relative success of in vitro-cultured EPN species in laboratory assays, without any loss in pathogenicity, is encouraging for further research and development of this technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolate of S . yirgalemense demonstrated high efficacy against other key insect pests of various fruit crops in South Africa, including banded fruit weevil [ 46 ], fruit fly [ 36 ] and mealybug [ 24 ], and has been prioritised for commercialisation [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of in vivo- and in vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infect Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

2021

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“…Local research established in vitro liquid culture methods for H. zealandica , S. jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense [19,20,37] while research on the formulation, packaging and storage of these species is still ongoing [38–40]. In vivo -cultured IJs can provide affordable, high quality nematodes that are easy to culture, but only on a small scale [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolate of S. yirgalemense demonstrated high efficacy against other key insect pests of various fruit crops in South Africa, including banded fruit weevil [42], fruit fly [43] and mealybug [24], and has been prioritised for commercialisation [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ofin vivo- andin vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infectLobesia vanillana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Preez

Malan

Addison³

2020

Preprint

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The in vivo- and in vitro-cultured South African entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema yirgalemense and Steinernema jeffreyense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), were evaluated against larvae and pupae of Lobesia vanillana in laboratory bioassays. For larvae, high mortality was observed for all treatments: In vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense (98%) performed better than S. jeffreyense (73%), while within in vivo cultures, there was no difference between nematode species (both 83%). No significant difference was detected between in vivo- and in vitro cultures of the same nematode species. The LD50 of the in vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense, the best performing species, was 7.33 nematodes per larva. Mortality by infection was established by dissecting cadavers and confirming the presence of nematodes, which was > 90% for all treatments. Within in vitro cultures, both S. yirgalemense and S. jeffreyense were able to produce a new cohort of infective juveniles from L. vanillana larvae. Pupae, however, were found to be considerably less susceptible to EPN infection. The relative success of local in vivo- and in vitro-cultured EPN species against a tortricid species in laboratory assays is encouraging for further research and development of this technology.

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“…However, they still need to overcome some obstacles to increase their market and become preferable. The main problems of EPNs are high mass production expenses, high commercial product cost, and short shelf life (Ali & Wharton, 2013;Ramakuwela et al, 2016;Kagimu & Malan, 2019). The present study was designed to determine the reproduction capacity of HBH hybrid strain and compare it with its parent strains.…”

Section: Body Length Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of hermaphrodites of hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and its parents on reproduction capacity

Ulu¹,

Özbudak²,

Düzenli³

et al. 2021

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are microscopic roundworms used in biocontrol. EPNs are obligate insect parasites, they live in soil, and they are especially effective against soilborne insects. They are a good alternative to chemical pesticides thanks to their advantages, such as prolonged longevity, broad host range and mass production suitability. However, EPNs cannot compete with chemical pesticides due to high production costs and short shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the reproduction capacity of the Turkish hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and then compare it with its parents to improve its liquid culture yield. In this way, it is aimed to reveal the effects behind the high reproduction potential of the hybrid HBH strain. All experiments were performed at Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, in 2020. All cadavers were periodically dissected, hermaphrodites were counted and their body lengths were measured. Compared to its parents, the hybrid HBH strain had greater hermaphrodite counts, with mean 66 individuals within 12 days, and hermaphrodite body length, with mean 3.88 mm. The results obtained from this study should provide information for commercial EPN production development.

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Formulation of South African entomopathogenic nematodes using alginate beads and diatomaceous earth

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Potential of in vivo- and in vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infect Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Potential of in vivo- and in vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infect Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Potential ofin vivo- andin vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infectLobesia vanillana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Comparison of hermaphrodites of hybrid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain and its parents on reproduction capacity

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