Formulation of pesticides

Enhancing Stability and Formulation Capability of Fungicides by Cocrystallization through a Novel Multistep Slurry Conversion Process

“…5 The poor thermal stability of ZJ and FZ (melting at 55−72 °C, 53 °C, respectively) increases the difficulty of preparing a suspension concentrate (SC), since the grinding apparatus will get stuck during grinding as a result of the tackiness of the substance. 6,7 Most commercially available formulations of ZJ and FZ are an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) like other low-melting-point agrochemicals. 8 However, petroleum-based solvents in the EC formulation lead to exposure to the environment, causing safety hazards to human and a negative impact on the environment generally.…”

“…Fungal diseases are major threats to the most important crops upon which humanity depends, causing up to 30% crop losses or even higher in developing countries. , Flusilazole (FZ), a systemic fungicide, is a currently widely used antifungal in agriculture owing to its high efficacies against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. , Pyraclostrobin (ZJ) is a strobilurin fungicide with outstanding potency and high activity that has protective and curative effects on over 150 crops . The poor thermal stability of ZJ and FZ (melting at 55–72 °C, 53 °C, respectively) increases the difficulty of preparing a suspension concentrate (SC), since the grinding apparatus will get stuck during grinding as a result of the tackiness of the substance. , Most commercially available formulations of ZJ and FZ are an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) like other low-melting-point agrochemicals . However, petroleum-based solvents in the EC formulation lead to exposure to the environment, causing safety hazards to human and a negative impact on the environment generally. , SC is preferred for the industry, owing to the environmental protection and convenient production, but outstanding physical properties such as thermal stability and flow ability are required. , Besides, ZJ and FZ with a low melting temperature sometimes suffer oiling-out during the crystallization and postprocessing, making production more difficult. − For fungicides, extensive and repetitive applications of a fungicide would cause the high level of resistance. − …”