Formulation of Microemulsions

Salager, Jean‐Louis; Antón, Raquel; Forgiarini, Ana; Márquez, Laura

doi:10.1002/9781444305524.ch3

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results agree with theory (Salager et al 2009) whereby the system shows ultra-low interfacial tension, minimum emulsion stability and optimum solubilization parameter at the optimum formulation. …”

Section: Crude Oil/microemulsion Compatibility Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhanced Oil Solubilization Using Microemulsions With Linkers

Pietrangeli

Quintero

2013

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In recent years, applications of microemulsion technology have increased in the drilling and production industry. Some of these applications include oil-based drilling fluid displacement to water-based fluid, near-wellbore remediation, well stimulation, enhanced oil recovery and flow-back recovery in shale gas wells.Microemulsion formulations for these applications need to have high oil solubilization and very low interfacial tension, which is achieved with relatively high concentration of surfactants. High-performance microemulsion systems with lower surfactant concentrations are desired to optimize the cost of the technology application.The reduction of surfactant concentration could be achieved by introducing linker additives in the formulations. The addition of linker molecules enhances the microemulsion solubilization property, which increases the hydrophilicity and/or the lipophilicity behavior of surfactants. Previous studies indicate the addition of a linker substance could double the solubilization of the system by segregating at the interface. The linker molecules create chaos, avoid formation of organized structure and decrease the viscosity, which helps to pack surfactants more efficiently at the interface. Some examples of linker additives include amines, acids, alcohols and phenols.This paper presents systematic studies that have been carried out to determine the influence of lipophilic and hydrophilic linkers in an anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture when exposed to olefin-based oils that are used in synthetic-based drilling fluids.The results of the study include phase behavior of a microemulsion system, interfacial properties and kinetic diffusion under several temperatures, as well as evaluation of the system with and without the addition of linker molecules for cleanup of synthetic and oil-based drilling fluids.

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Section: Crude Oil/microemulsion Compatibility Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhanced Oil Solubilization Using Microemulsions With Linkers

Pietrangeli

Quintero

2013

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“…a Petroleum Sulfonate and a Polyethoxylated Alkylphenol It has been known for a long time that surfactant mixing provides a property averaging effect, particularly intermediate formulation [36]. However, mixtures do not always follow a linear rule and the departure from it could become considerable when very different substances are mixed [36,37]. On the other hand, mixtures may be used to eliminate an effect.…”

Section: Optimum Formulation Shift With Nonionic Surfactant Mixture-pmentioning

confidence: 97%

Resolving an Enhanced Oil Recovery Challenge: Optimum Formulation of a Surfactant‐Oil–Water System Made Insensitive to Dilution

Arandia

Forgiarini

Salager

2009

J Surfact & Detergents

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Upon dilution by the petroleum reservoir connate water, the anionic commercial surfactant blend often used in enhanced oil recovery by low tension, becomes more lipophilic at the interface because of so-called selective partitioning. Hence, the optimum formulation is not maintained when the injected slug moves through the reservoir. An opposite variation is found for ethoxylated nonionic surfactant systems. As a consequence of these antagonistic influences, the optimum formulation shift produced by dilution may be eliminated by using an appropriate mixture of anionic and nonionic commercial surfactants, so that the two effects exactly cancel out.

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“…to find a general rule and obtain a quantitative relation. The EACN values of the hydrocarbons (Salager et al, ) used in the experiments are shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubilization Behavior of Organic Mixtures in Optimum Winsor Type III Microemulsion Systems of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Liu

Zhou

Wu³

et al. 2018

J Surfact & Detergents

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Solubilization selectivity and synergism behavior were investigated for the optimum Winsor type III sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) microemulsion systems of organic mixtures. The organic mixtures used include toluene and 1 of the following 3 normal alkanes: n‐octane, n‐heptane, and n‐hexane. Selective solubilization toward toluene was observed in the optimum Winsor type III SDS microemulsion system for the toluene/n‐octane mixture. Toluene selectivity showed a decrease trend with the increase of its content in the excess oil phase, salinity showed little influence on the trend, and increasing of the SDS content leads to lowering of the selectivity. Synergism exists in the solubilization of the 2 organics for all the binary mixtures used in this work. A clear reduction of the n‐butanol content (A*) to obtain the optimum formulation and rise of the optimum solubilization parameter (SP*) were seen with the mixing of 2 single components. Coincident relation between A* and equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) for organic mixtures of toluene with the 1 or 3 of n‐hexane, n‐hexane, and n‐octane was obtained, which is a parabolic curve with a minimum point. At the same time, all the SP*–EACN data fall in the same kind of parabolic curve with a maximum. The EACN for the minimum A* and maximum SP* are both in the range of 3.0–3.5. The A*–EACN curve shifts vertically with the change of the SDS content or ln S* (S* is salinity of the aqueous phase), while the change of salinity also leads to slight deformation of the curve, which can be omitted in a small range of salinity change.

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Formulation of Microemulsions

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Enhanced Oil Solubilization Using Microemulsions With Linkers

Enhanced Oil Solubilization Using Microemulsions With Linkers

Resolving an Enhanced Oil Recovery Challenge: Optimum Formulation of a Surfactant‐Oil–Water System Made Insensitive to Dilution

Solubilization Behavior of Organic Mixtures in Optimum Winsor Type III Microemulsion Systems of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

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