Formulation of Functioning for Avoidant Personality Disorder in Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy

Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Popolo, Raffaele; Salvatore, Giampaolo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813521-1.00008-4

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The early maladaptive schema indirectly affects BDD mediating through thought fusion. This finding is consistent with other research findings [35]. In explaining the results of the present study, we can point out the findings of Cormier et al [36] that when initial maladaptive schemas are activated, they can affect perception, reality and cognitive processing of the individual.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The Role of Early Maladaptive Schema and Perfectionism on Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mediating Through Thought Fusion, Meta-worry, Anxiety, and Attributional Style: A Structural Model

Esmaeilnia

Dousti

Mohebbi

2018

Avicenna. J. Neuro. Psycho. Physio.

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Anxiety is one of the variables that can affect the onset and severity of body dysmorphic disorder. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of early maladaptive schema and perfectionism on body dysmorphic disorder mediating thought fusion, meta-worry, anxiety, and attributes style. Materials and Methods: This is descriptive-correlational research implemented using a structural equation model. The statistical population included all women referring to Ghaemshahr Dermatology centers in the first half of 2018. Of them, a sample of 300 women was selected based on the number of study variables (50 samples for each variable). For data collection, body dysmorphic disorder questionnaire, the short version of the initial maladaptive schema, perfectionism, anxiety test, documentary questionnaire, and anxiety questionnaire were used. Results: By increasing the amount of mixed thinking variables, anxiety, meanwhile and documentary style as intermediary variables, the effect of the early maladaptive schema on disordered body disorder was 0.48, 0.44, 0.44, and 0.51, respectively (0.42), and the impact of perfectionism through the mediation of thought mixing, anxiety, metaphor, and documentary variables were (0.53), (0.48), (0.50) and (0.50), which is more than the direct relation between them (0.45). Conclusion: Early maladaptive schema and perfectionism have a predictive role in body dysmorphic disorder mediating thought fusion, meta-worry, anxiety, and attributional style.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The Role of Early Maladaptive Schema and Perfectionism on Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mediating Through Thought Fusion, Meta-worry, Anxiety, and Attributional Style: A Structural Model

Esmaeilnia

Dousti

Mohebbi

2018

Avicenna. J. Neuro. Psycho. Physio.

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“…We focus here on three elements: (1) poor awareness of one's own affective and cognitive processes; (2) maladaptive interpersonal schema, and (3) maladaptive coping. These three elements are consistent with the conceptualization of AvPD psychopathology in Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT; Dimaggio et al, 2019Dimaggio et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This can often trigger a pattern of counter-productive reactions that may maintain or exacerbate these negative cycles. This leads to the third aspect of AvPD psychopathology (Dimaggio et al, 2019) that MIT targets: maladaptive coping. When these individuals experience strong emotions such as shame, guilt, anxiety or sadness, they experience difficulties in self-regulation, and thus adopt a series of strategies aimed at minimizing distress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the alliance and using experiential techniques in the early phases of psychotherapy for avoidant personality disorder

Centonze

Popolo

MacBeth³

et al. 2021

J Clin Psychol

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Individuals experiencing avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) tend to make sense of social interactions via maladaptive self-and other attributions. They also experience difficulties in recognizing emotions. A further feature of AvPD psychopathology is the tendency to resort to maladaptive coping strategies, such as behavioral avoidance and perfectionism. Despite its impact, psychological treatments for AvPD remains poorly investigated. Herein, we describe the first five sessions of Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy with a 28-year-old woman, whose treatment goal was to reduce social avoidance. We describe how this goal was achieved through a combination of working through the therapeutic relationship, alongside experiential techniques such as guided imagery, rescripting, and bodily work. Through this treatment configuration, the patient was able to increase self-awareness of her own emotions, enabling her to realize that she was guided by rigid schemas; specifically seeing herself as inadequate and others as judgmental. Finally, implications for the treatment of AvPD are discussed.

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“…For those that have the necessary metacognition threshold for high motivation but still have low motivation, it may be that other factors or necessary conditions are not in place. Given that schema-driven expectations about self and others (Dimaggio et al, 2015; Luther et al, 2015b; Medalia et al, 2010) and the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Gard et al, 2014; Ryan et al, 2000) are important for motivation in schizophrenia, future work may benefit from examining whether these constructs are also necessary conditions for high motivation to occur in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. For example, even in the presence of a basic level of metacognition, including the awareness of one’s mental experiences and goals, negative expectations about one’s ability to succeed or perform may thwart goal-directed behavior (Dimaggio et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognition Is Necessary for the Emergence of Motivation in People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Luther¹,

Bonfils²,

Firmin³

et al. 2017

J Nerv Ment Dis

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Metacognition deficits are a putative cause of reduced motivation in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, it is unclear whether certain levels of metacognition are necessary for motivation to emerge. This study used a Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to test whether metacognition was necessary for the presence of motivation and to identify the minimum level of metacognition necessary for high motivation to be possible in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N=175). Participants completed clinician-rated measures of metacognition and motivation. NCA revealed that metacognition is a necessary condition for motivation and that high levels of motivation were only possible, although not guaranteed, when at least a basic level of metacognition was present. Findings suggest that metacognition is a necessary building block for the development of motivation. Results suggest that targeting metacognition may be essential for improving motivation among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who do not meet this metacognition threshold.

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Formulation of Functioning for Avoidant Personality Disorder in Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

The Role of Early Maladaptive Schema and Perfectionism on Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mediating Through Thought Fusion, Meta-worry, Anxiety, and Attributional Style: A Structural Model

The Role of Early Maladaptive Schema and Perfectionism on Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mediating Through Thought Fusion, Meta-worry, Anxiety, and Attributional Style: A Structural Model

Building the alliance and using experiential techniques in the early phases of psychotherapy for avoidant personality disorder

Metacognition Is Necessary for the Emergence of Motivation in People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

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