Formulation of functional materials for inkjet printing: A pathway towards fully 3D printed electronics

Bastola, Anil; He, Yinfeng; Im, Jisun; Rivers, Geoffrey; Wang, Feiran; Worsley, Robyn; Austin, Jonathan S.; Nelson-Dummett, Oliver; Wildman, Ricky D.; Hague, Richard; Tuck, Christopher J.; Turyanska, Lyudmila

doi:10.1016/j.mtelec.2023.100058

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…In printing electronics, the thermophysical properties of the ink and the size of the injecting nozzle are key factors in the formation of proper ink droplets with desirable characteristics. − The droplet formation criteria is determined by the Z -number, Z = ζ ρ a / μ , a dimensionless parameter in which ζ, ρ, and μ are respectively the surface tension, density, and the dynamic viscosity of the ink solution, and a is the diameter of the injecting nozzle. , A Z -number range of 1 ≤ Z ≤ 14 generally results in good droplet formation and its uniform distribution at the intended regions on the substrate . Inks with Z < 1 or Z > 14 result in elongated ligaments or satellite droplet formation which would result in undesirable printing patterns. ,− To tune the properties of our ink, we collected the precipitate part of the liquid-phase exfoliated NbS 3 and transferred it to a secondary solvent of 5 mL of isopropyl alcohol (IPA).…”

Section: Ink Preparation and Printed Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

Geremew,

Taheri,

Sesing

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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We report on the solution processing and testing of electronic ink composed of quasi-one-dimensional NbS 3 charge-density-wave fillers. The ink was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of NbS 3 crystals into high-aspect-ratio quasi-1D fillers dispersed in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol solution. The results of the electrical measurements of two-terminal electronic test structures printed on silicon substrates reveal resistance anomalies in the temperature range of ∼330−370 K. It was found that the changes in the temperature-dependent resistive characteristics of the test structures originate from the charge-density-wave phase transition of individual NbS 3 fillers. The latter confirms that the exfoliated NbS 3 fillers preserve their intrinsic charge-density-wave condensate states and can undergo phase transitions above room temperature even after chemical exfoliation processes and printing. These results are important for developing "quantum inks" with chargedensity-wave fillers for the increased functionality of future solution-processed electronics.

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Section: Ink Preparation and Printed Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

Geremew,

Taheri,

Sesing

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…However, the fabrication of inkjet-printed solar cells on 3D objects has not been achieved so far [36]. In this work we demonstrate inkjet printing of OSCs on 3D objects by controlling the morphology and topology of all five functional layers, including the bottom electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All inkjet-printed organic solar cells on 3D objects

Steinberger,

Distler,

Hörber

et al. 2024

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is a promising and commercially relevant technology for producing organic electronic devices of arbitrary shape on a wide variety of different substrates. In this work we transfer the inkjet printing process of organic photovoltaic devices from 2D to 3D substrates, using a 5-axis robot system equipped with a multi‑nozzle inkjet printing unit. We present a ready-to-use 3D printing system for industrial application, using a 5-axis motion system controlled by commercial 3D motion software, combined with a commonly used multi-nozzle inkjet print head controlled by the corresponding printing software. The very first time inkjet-printed solar cells on glass/ITO with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 7% are realized on a 3D object with surfaces tilted by angles of up to 60° against the horizontal direction. Undesired ink flow during deposition of the inkjet-printed layers was avoided by proper ink formulation. In order to be able to print organic (opto-)electronic devices also on substrates without sputtered indium tin oxide bottom electrode, the bottom electrode was inkjet-printed from silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink, resulting in the first all inkjet-printed (i.e., including bottom electrode) solar cell on a 3D object ever with a record PCE of 2.5%. This work paves the way for functionalizing even complex objects, such as cars, mobile phones, or “Internet of Things” (IoT) applications with inkjet-printed (opto-)electronic devices.

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“…pattern [18]. AJP uses aerosolized ink carried by a carrier gas sprayed downward on the substrate, directed, and focused using sheath gas [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Sintering Direct Ink Write Silver Nanoflake Ink for On-Demand Manufacturing of Electronics in Space

Schlake,

Kandadai

2024

IEEE Flex. Electron.

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Developing manufacturing methods for flexible electronics will enable and improve the large-scale production of flexible, spatially-efficient, and lightweight devices. Laser sintering is a promising post-processing method to produce consolidated films for flexible electronic devices while reducing power consumption compared to standard thermal sintering. This work further explores laser sintering of direct ink write (nScrypt) printed silver as a continuation of previous studies on nScryptprinted silver and aerosol jet-printed gold, platinum, and titanium dioxide for manufacturing printed electronics on the International Space Station. Four different laser wavelengths are studied for laser sintering nScrypt silver nanoflake ink on flexible polyimide and rigid glass substrates. The laser systems investigated are continuous wave (CW) 808 nm, CW 445 nm, CW 1064 nm, and pulsed femtosecond (fs) 1040 nm lasers. The laser power and scanning speed are varied to compare the laser systems and optimize laser sintering parameters for the silver ink. The resistivity of the laser-sintered silver NPs is compared to the resistivity of the unsintered silver to demonstrate the effectiveness of laser sintering. An optimal resistivity of 5.81×10 -8 Ω-m is achieved for the nScrypt silver laser sintered using a fs 1040 nm laser.

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Formulation of functional materials for inkjet printing: A pathway towards fully 3D printed electronics

Cited by 15 publications

References 210 publications

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

All inkjet-printed organic solar cells on 3D objects

Laser Sintering Direct Ink Write Silver Nanoflake Ink for On-Demand Manufacturing of Electronics in Space

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Formulation of functional materials for inkjet printing: A pathway towards fully 3D printed electronics

Cited by 15 publications

References 210 publications

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS3 Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS3 Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

All inkjet-printed organic solar cells on 3D objects

Laser Sintering Direct Ink Write Silver Nanoflake Ink for On-Demand Manufacturing of Electronics in Space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material

Development of Inks with Fillers of NbS₃ Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge-Density-Wave Material