Formulation of Effervescent Granules From Red Ginger (Zingiberis Officinale Roscoe Var. Rubrum) Extract and Its Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Objective: Ginger is one of the Indonesian plants that has been used as traditional medicine. The flavonoids and phenols compounds contained high antioxidant activity. This study aimed to formulate effervescent granules (EG) from red ginger (RG) extract and evaluate its antioxidant activity. Methods: The formulation of EG from RG extract was prepared by the wet granulation method using different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Furthermore, the flowability of granules was evaluated, including flow rate, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and effervescent time. The physical stability of granules such as organoleptic evaluation, effervescent time, and pH measurement was also evaluated after 28 d of storage, and the antioxidant activity of EG from RG extract was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results: The result showed that the EG of RG extract was successfully prepared by wet granulation with a concentration of 15%. In addition, the flowability study showed that all formulas of EG from RG extract have good flow properties, and the granules showed excellent flow properties based on Carr′s index results. The effervescent time of granules remained within the acceptable range according to USP, and the physical stability did not change even after 28 d of storage. The IC50 of EG from RG extract was 283.28±3.6 ppm and has moderate in free radicals scavenging activity. Conclusion: EG from RG extract can be used as food supplements to protect the human body from free radicals and inhibit oxidases.

Polyherbal Formulation Optimization From Clitoria Ternatea, Rosmarinus Officinalis and Aquilaria Malaccensis Using Simplex Lattice Design

“…All of the extracts used in this present study have phenolic content due to phytochemical screenings, and these findings are related to previous studies [40][41][42]. The total phenolic content (table 4) ranged between 41.677+0.113 and 121.85+0.056 mg GAE/g dried extract.…”

“…A DPPH (2′2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay was used to find out how well PHF scavenged free radicals. The present study employed a methodology similar to previous approaches, although with some modifications [40][41][42]. One ml of PHF with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 g/ml was mixed with a new two ml methanolic solution of DPPH (40 g/ml).…”