Formulation, design and strategies for efficient nanotechnology-based nasal delivery systems

Abstract

Objectives Nanotechnology-based nasal delivery systems have gained interest as a way of overcoming low drug bioavailability, limited brain exposure, fast metabolism and elimination, high doses, and unwanted side effects. The main benefits of intranasal administration include the non-invasive method, easy accessibility, porous epithelial barrier and highly vascularized tissue. However, it is imperative to identify interactions between the materials used and the nasal biological environment to ensure proper release. Methods Specific factors have been considered to comply with the strict nasal drug administration criteria. Given the broad interest in the nasal drug delivery system, this review summarizes ways to develop formulations for intranasal drug delivery and the main biopharmaceutical challenges. Key findings We have examined principal factors in nasal administration, such as physiological aspects of the nose, drug and biopharmaceutical properties, formulation properties, and nasal devices for drug delivery. Conclusions This review highlights new insights into different nanotechnology-based approaches for intranasal use and focuses on recent developments in topical nasal drug delivery systems (DDS), outlining the advantages and limitations of each system. The present article confines itself to research and novel concepts and the different strategies developed to increase bioavailability, safety, and a route to brain delivery.

Aqueous cannabidiol β-cyclodextrin complexed polymeric micelle nasal spray to attenuate in vitro and ex vivo SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storms

“…The osmolarity of this formulation was 300 ± 0.8 mOsm/kg in the range of 285–310, which indicated an isotonic solution suitable for nasal preparation ( USP , Ehrick et al, 2013 , Barros et al, 2022 ). The viscosity of the nasal spray formulation was 12.04 ± 2.64 cP at the shear rate of 50 s −1 .…”

“…The local pH value inside the nasal cavity directly influences the rate and extent of drug absorption. It has been suggested that the optimum pH value of nasal spray should range from 4.5 to 6.5 ( Dhakar et al, 2011 ) or 5.5 to 6.5, which is close to the physiological pH ( Barros et al, 2022 ). The pH value of the nasal spray formulation in this current study was 6.02 ± 0.02, which is suitable for nasal epithelial cells.…”

A Cell-Based Nasal Model for Screening the Deposition, Biocompatibility, and Transport of Aerosolized PLGA Nanoparticles

“…However, even if localization to the olfactory region is achieved, degradation or clearance of the drug must be avoided for successful absorption across the epithelium. A potential formulation strategy that may overcome some of the hurdles of NTBDD is the use of nanocarriers, which, depending on the type of particle, have a number of possible advantages over traditional formulations including improved drug stability, prolonged residence time, controlled release, decreased dosing frequency, and facilitated transport. There have been numerous reports of nanocarriers for NTBDD including liposomes, − nanostructured lipid carriers, , solid lipid nanocarriers, , nanoemulsions, , and polymeric nanoparticles.…”

“…A potential formulation strategy that may overcome some of the hurdles of NTBDD is the use of nanocarriers, which, depending on the type of particle, have a number of possible advantages over traditional formulations including improved drug stability, prolonged residence time, controlled release, decreased dosing frequency, and facilitated transport. There have been numerous reports of nanocarriers for NTBDD including liposomes, − nanostructured lipid carriers, , solid lipid nanocarriers, , nanoemulsions, , and polymeric nanoparticles. For the latter, a number of polymers have been utilized including natural polymers such as alginate and chitosan as well as synthetic polymers such as poly­(lactic acid), polycaprolactone, and poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) .…”

Curcumin Transferosome-Loaded Thermosensitive Intranasal in situ Gel as Prospective Antiviral Therapy for SARS-Cov-2

“… 31 Based on nanotechnology, pulmonary delivery of therapeutics is facile using various formulations of nasal sprays, solutions, nebulizers, or gels. 32 , 33 Pulmonary delivery of curcumin offers several advantages, such as direct delivery of high drug concentration to the location of the infection, immediate curcumin connection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, instant deposition into the lower airways and alveolar part, and reduced intra- and extracellular detox actions of enzymes in the respiratory tract. 21 …”