Formulation, Characterization and Properties of Hemp Seed Oil and Its Emulsions

Abstract

The formulation, characterization, and anticipated antibacterial properties of hemp seed oil and its emulsions were investigated. The oil obtained from the seeds of Cannabis sativa L. in refined and unrefined form was characterized using iodine, saponification, acid values, and gas chromatography, and was employed for the preparation of stable oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsions were prepared using pairs of non-ionic surfactants (Tween, Span). The effects of the emulsification method (spontaneous emulsification vs. high-intensity stirring), hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), type and concentration of surfactant, and oil type on the size and distribution of the emulsion particles were investigated. It was found that the ability to form stable emulsions with small, initial particle sizes is primarily dependent on the given method of preparation and the HLB value. The most efficient method of emulsification that afforded the best emulsions with the smallest particles (151 ± 1 nm) comprised the high-energy method, and emulsions stable over the long-term were observed at HBL 9 with 10 wt % concentration of surfactants. Under high-intensity emulsification, refined and unrefined oils performed similarly. The oils as well as their emulsions were tested against the growth of selected bacteria using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antibacterial effect of hemp seed oil was documented against Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus. The formulated emulsions did not exhibit the antibacterial activity that had been anticipated.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabinoids

“…The refined oil was also less potent than the unrefined oil. This could be due to the higher content of α-linolenic acid in the latter, or more likely the fact that ∆ 9 -THC is removed during the refinement process [51]. Ethanol extracts of C. sativa leaves have also been tested against both clinical samples and nonclinical MRSA isolates, via the disc diffusion method.…”

Anhydride Cured Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin: Effect of Moisture on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

“…in the scientific literature. [6] The industrial hemp plants are mainly cultivated for its fiber. However, due to the high amount of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, hemp seed oil is an interesting raw material for biobased thermosets in principal.…”

“…However, due to the high amount of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, hemp seed oil is an interesting raw material for biobased thermosets in principal. [6,7] In order to convert an epoxidized vegetable oil into a curable thermoset matrix (polymer), a hardener and sometimes a crosslinking accelerator are added. Typical curing agents are anhydrides, amines and imidazole.…”

An action-research exploration of value chain development from field to consumer based on organic hempseed oil in Sicily

“…With the exception of the oleic acid, that was lower in the Sicilian origin oils compared to the values reported for different study areas, the relative contents of the alpha-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids resulted very similar to the equivalent oils. Moreover, peroxides values were particularly low (Leizer et al, 2000;Ditrói et al, 2013;Callaway, 2004;Mikulcová et al, 2017).…”