Formulation, antimalarial activity and biodistribution of oral lipid nanoemulsion of primaquine

Primaquine revisited six decades after its discovery

“…The emulsions showed effective anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss albino mice at 25% lower dose levels as compared to the conventional oral dose. Lipid nanoemulsions of PQ exhibited improved oral bioavailability and were taken up preferentially by the liver with drug concentrations higher at least by 45% as compared to the plain drug [33].…”

“…This study revealed that all tested drugs were potent inhibitors of human AChE but had distinct inhibitory capacities. In the case of PQ, the concentration requested to obtain 33% of inhibition (IC 33 ) was 30 mM [114].…”

Nanoemulsion improves the oral bioavailability of baicalin in rats: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

“…10 Nanoemulsions exhibit unique advantages and properties, such as reduced droplet size with larger surface area, improved drug solubility and dissolution rates, and enhanced drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by surfactant-induced mucosal permeability changes. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Nanoemulsion formulations have been widely used to overcome problems related to the poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability of some drugs. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Therefore, amongst the various drug delivery systems, nanoemulsions are considered an ideal alternative for the oral administration of drugs with poor water solubility, as they improve absorption and bioavailability.…”

Artesunate Loaded Self Nanoemulsified Drug Delivery System: A Preliminary Study for Improved Efficacy in the Treatment of Malaria: Formulation, Characterization and Bio-Distribution Study

“…Deprotonation of the plasma samples were carried out and the drug was extracted by protein precipitation method using methanol and then analyzed by HPLC. One way ANOVA method was used for predicting the significant difference using Graphpad Prism software [25,26].…”