Formulation and performance test of palm-based foaming agent concentrate for fire extinguisher application

Fire-extinguishing performance and gas-phase pollution characteristics of different foam agents in extinguishing transformer oil pool fire

“…The sum of surface and interfacial tensions of S foam is higher than the surface tension of transformer oil, making it unable to form a complete water film on the surface of transformer oil. 34 Therefore, the performance in inhibiting fuel evaporation of S foam is less effective, resulting in a lower fire-extinguishing efficiency than AFFF. The extinguishing efficiency of FP foam is significantly lower than that of AFFF and S foam, mainly due to the poor mobility, 16 which leads to a slow spreading on the surface of transformer oil.…”

Establishing regularities in the insulating capacity of a foaming agent for localizing flammable liquids

“…Work [9] shows that applying foam to the surface of the burning liquid can reduce the rate of its evaporation by creating a mechanical obstacle for the diffusion and convection transfer of vapors to the combustion zone. However, there remain unresolved issues related to establishing the time of foaming agent operation.…”