Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Ketoprofen in Palm Oil Esters Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to formulate and investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulation for topical delivery of ketoprofen. In this study, Palm Oil Esters (POEs) a newly introduced oil by Universiti Putra Malaysia researchers was chosen for the oil phase of the nanoemulsion, because the oil was reported to be a good vehicle for pharmaceutical use. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion was prepared by spontaneous emulsification method. The droplets size was studied by laser scattering spectroscopy (Nanophox) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Franz diffusion cells were used, to determine the drug release and drug transferred through methyl acetate cellulose membrane (artificial membrane). The results of droplets size analysis shows the droplets are in the range of nanoemulsion which is below than 500 nm. The in vitro release profile shows a sufficient percentage of drugs released through the methyl acetate cellulose membrane. This initial study showed that the nanoemulsion formulated using POEs has great potential for topical delivery of ketoprofen.

Formulation and in vitro release evaluation of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters-based nanoemulsion delivery system for 30% ethanolic dried extract derived from local Phyllanthus urinaria for skin antiaging

“…29 Smaller droplet size also increases the total surface area for transfer, release, and absorption of the drug. 38 In this way, nanoemulsion systems improve the bioavailability of many topical preparations. 25,26 Droplet size analysis in this study showed that the formulations had a small droplet size in the range desirable for a nanoemulsion.…”

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ketoprofen in Palm Oil Esters Nanoemulsion

“…The results of anti-infl ammatory and analgesic study showed that ketoprofen entrapped POEs nanoemulsion formulation have the capability to improve the bioavailability of ketoprofen to bio-equalance with marketed formulation in rats. In our previous study 6 we reported that the developed formulation droplets size was found to be in the range of nanoemulsion. Droplets size of ketoprofen unloaded was 84.75nm and droplets size of ketoprofen loaded 229.64 nm.…”

“…Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification process as reported by our earlier publication 6 .…”

“…Formulation of ketoprofen in POEs nanoemulsion and in-vitro evaluation through cellulose membrane were already reported in our earlier article 6 . We have also reported the in-vitro evaluation through the rat skin 7 .…”

“…This modifi ed or synthesised oil such as POEs is a new ingredient for pharmaceutical industry [6][7][8][9][10] . The oil is non irritant on human skin, increases the skin hydration due to its moisturizing properties, shows high thermal stability 3 and could be used in cosmetic or medicinal formulations to deliver poorly water-soluble lipophilic actives or drugs 8,9 .…”