Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Oral Capsules and Suspension from the Ethanolic Extract of Cola nitida Seeds for the Treatment of Diarrhea

Abstract

Management of diarrhea has evolved over the years from relatively inadequate interventions in the early years to more successful physiological approaches. The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has grown significantly over the past three decades, with more than half of the global population depending on it for some aspect of their primary health care needs. This study is aimed at formulating solid and liquid oral dosage forms of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds for the treatment of diarrhea. The flow property of the dried ethanolic extract was determined and subsequently formulated into granules for encapsulation. The ethanolic extract was also used in formulating an oral suspension. Pharmacopeia tests such as uniformity of weight, disintegration, drug content, and dissolution were carried out on the formulated capsules. The formulated suspension was also assessed using the following parameters; viscosity, flow rate, drug content, dissolution, sedimentation rate, and sedimentation volume. The dried ethanolic extract and formulated granules exhibited good flow properties. The formulated capsules exhibited optimal in vitro release of extract (>90% after 45 minutes) and passed the uniformity of weight, disintegration, and drug content tests. The formulated suspension also passed the drug content test and had a good sedimentation rate, sedimentation volume, and flow rate. The formulated suspension also exhibited pseudoplastic flow, optimal viscosity, and a good in vitro release profile (>90% after 45 minutes). Capsules and suspension of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds have been successfully formulated and can be used as standard dosage forms for the management of diarrhea.

Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Oral Capsules from Antiaris: A Convenient Substitute for Peripheral Neuropathy

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Pharmaceutical Assessment of Watermelon Rind Pectin as a Suspending Agent in Oral Liquid Dosage Forms

“…However, the viscosity of the watermelon rind pectin suspension was higher than that of the tragacanth suspensions at all concentrations used. Suspensions with higher viscosities are known to be relatively stable in comparison with less viscous suspensions [38][39][40][41]. Therefore, the higher viscosity of pectin from watermelon rind indicates its potential suitability as a suspending agent.…”

Formulation and Pharmaceutical Assessment of Annona muricata Oral Capsules and Suspension as Antidiarrhea Dosage Forms

“…e appearance, pH, rheology, apparent viscosity, drug content, in vitro dissolution studies, sedimentation volume, and sedimentation rate were determined using previously described methods [11,[16][17][18].…”

“…e recorded absorbance was then inserted into the calibration equation, and the percentage content was determined. is was repeated for nine other 5 mL aliquots [11,[16][17][18].…”

“…e absorbances obtained were inserted into the previously determined calibration equation to obtain the amount of drug released at each time point. A graph of cumulative drug released against time was then plotted to obtain the dissolution profile of the formulated suspension in 0.1 M HCl [11,[16][17][18].…”