“…The difference in the growth inhibitory effect between the crude extracts is probably due to the different content of compounds in the different medicinal plant species (Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Missau et al, 2014;Alsultan et al, 2016;Lalitha et al, 2017;Khoo et al, 2018;Pathak et al 2020;Syed et al, 2020;Ove et al, 2021;Wuryatmo et al, 2021). Flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins are frequently reported from the extracts of the nine medicinal plant species (Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Johri and Khan, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Syed et al, 2020). Among the nine medicinal plant species, crude extract from eight species has been reported before to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria or fungi or both (Johann et al, 2011;Rizvi et al, 2011;Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Missau et al, 2014;Ojiako, 2014;Kamble and Moon, 2015;Rajoria et al, 2015;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Hasbollah, 2017;Lalitha et al, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Mncube et al 2021;Wuryatmo et al, 2021).…”