Formulation and evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus dried leaf-powder tablets

Abstract

The objective of this study was to formulate Cymbopogon citratus leaves powder into tablets using both acacia and gelatin as binders at concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8% w/w, respectively. The tablets were evaluated using the necessary official and unofficial tests. The results showed that all the batches of tablets passed the uniformity of weight test. The hardness of the tablets was significantly affected by the type of binder and concentration used during formulation (P < 0.05). Gelatin had higher crushing strength values than acacia. Friability values for all the tablet formulations were below 1%. The disintegration time of tablets formulated with acacia ranged from 29.10 ± 0.13 to 208.00 ± 0.13 min for tablets formulated with 2 % and 8 % acacia respectively and 2.31 ± 0.27 min to 8.20 ± 0.24 min for tablets formulated with 2 and 8% gelatin. Phytochemical analysis of the powder from the plant leaves was carried out. The results obtained from micromeritic studies showed that the granules had good flowability. Phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, tannins, glycosides, proteins, flavonoids, resins, oils and terpenoids were present at different concentrations, while acid compounds were absent. Therefore, C. citratus leaves tablets could be formulated by wet granulation using acacia or gelatin as binder.

Effect of Plant Extract on Pathogens Isolated from Water Source

“…This suggests that some of the phytochemicals (such as terpene, phenol, glycoside, flavonoid and steroid) identified in hexane and ethanol extracts of Lemongrass and Aloe vera may have significantly contributed more to the antibacterial properties of both plants compared to the other phytochemicals such as tannin, saponin and alkaloid respectively. This result seems to agree with the findings of other studies which showed that these phytochemicals identified in both plants in the current study, possess antibacterial properties to a varying degree [25,32,36,45]. Two-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference (at p < 0.05) between the MICs of the Lemongrass and Aloe vera extracts due to the variation in the method of extraction of their respective phytochemicals.…”

“…[25], Salome et al[32], Mukherjee et al[33], Dey et al [34], kar and Bera [35] and Jha et al [36], who have also demonstrated the presence of these phytochemicals is both hexane and ethanol extracts of Lemongrass and Aloe vera respectively.…”

Antifungal effect of nine selected medicinal plants against crop pathogenic fungi

“…The difference in the growth inhibitory effect between the crude extracts is probably due to the different content of compounds in the different medicinal plant species (Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Missau et al, 2014;Alsultan et al, 2016;Lalitha et al, 2017;Khoo et al, 2018;Pathak et al 2020;Syed et al, 2020;Ove et al, 2021;Wuryatmo et al, 2021). Flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins are frequently reported from the extracts of the nine medicinal plant species (Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Johri and Khan, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Syed et al, 2020). Among the nine medicinal plant species, crude extract from eight species has been reported before to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria or fungi or both (Johann et al, 2011;Rizvi et al, 2011;Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Missau et al, 2014;Ojiako, 2014;Kamble and Moon, 2015;Rajoria et al, 2015;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Hasbollah, 2017;Lalitha et al, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Mncube et al 2021;Wuryatmo et al, 2021).…”

“…Flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins are frequently reported from the extracts of the nine medicinal plant species (Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Johri and Khan, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Syed et al, 2020). Among the nine medicinal plant species, crude extract from eight species has been reported before to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria or fungi or both (Johann et al, 2011;Rizvi et al, 2011;Ganga Rao et al, 2012;Salome et al, 2012;Missau et al, 2014;Ojiako, 2014;Kamble and Moon, 2015;Rajoria et al, 2015;Alsultan et al, 2017;Bhagyasri et al, 2017;Hasbollah, 2017;Lalitha et al, 2017;Ayirezang et al, 2020;Mncube et al 2021;Wuryatmo et al, 2021). These reported compounds or those that have not yet been identified in the nine medicinal plant species may have a role in the antifungal effect observed in this study.…”

Essential Oil pada Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Dan Bioaktivitasnya

“…Cymbopogon citratus menghasilkan berbagai metabolit sekunder yang dapat dimanfaatkan manusia dalam industri makanan, minuman, farmasi dan kosmetik. Hasil analisis fitokimia pada daun C. citratus mengandung alkaloid, saponin, gula tereduksi, tanin, flavonoid, (Ekpenyong, Akpan, & Daniel, 2014;Salome, Emeka, Ikechukwu, Sinye, Calister, & Godswil, 2012) fenol, antrakuinon, esensial oil (Ekpenyong, et al 2014) steroid, glikosida, terrpenoid (Salome et al, 2012). Bila dilihat berbagai jenis senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh C. citratus, essentialoil merupakan yang paling menonjol dalam kadar, jumlah maupun pemanfaatannya.…”